Roosevelt as President

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Progressive Movement:

A. Main Goals

1. giving people more participation in government

a. innovations

1. direct primary

2. initiative

3. referendum

4. recall

5. direct election of United States Senators

a. Seventeenth Amendment

b. Senators previously elected by state legislatures

1. HOR, people-elected

6. education

a. state action and direct funding

b. changes in educational culture

1. public schools controlled by the state

2. entrance of Pragmatism, socialist teachings and agnosticism

The Supreme Court

A. Court assumes unchecked powers

1. Outlier cases

a. Marbury v. Madison

b. Dred Scott v. Sanford

2. Court assumes a new role

a. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.

1. served from 1901-1932

2. massive influence on the judicial system

a. decisions based on whims of the majority and personal bias

b. decisions not based in Natural or Divine Positive Law

c. examples of contradiction

1. Lochner vs. New York(1905)

2. Muller vs. Oregon(1908)

Foreign Policy

1.) aggressive, imperialistic foreign policy

-"Speak softly, and carry a big stick."

-Big Stick Ideology

2.) Obtains the Panama Canal

a.) Hay-Bunau Varilla Treaty

b.) U.S. guarantees ROC independence

3.) Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

-"In his annual messages to Congress in 1904 and 1905, President Theodore Roosevelt

expanded the Monroe Doctrine. The corollary stated that not only were the nations of the

Western Hemisphere not open to colonization by European powers, but that the United States

had the responsibility to preserve order and protect life and property in those countries."

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