Theories and theorists

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Encoding:

Levels of processing - Craik and Lockhart 1972

Hunt and McDaniel 1993 - item specific and relational processing

Dual process model of recognition - Mandler 1980

Hunt and Einstein 1981 - effects of item specific and relational processing on recognition and free recall

Memory stores and systems:

Tulving 1983 episodic/semantic distinction

Anderson and Ross 1980 - sentence verification and recognition tasks

Anderson 1974 fan effect + McKoon 1986 criticism

Gabrieli 1988 - HM impaired episodic and semantic memory

Grossman 1987 Korsakoff

Squire 1980 procedural/declarative distinction --> Amnesiac studies re procedural intact but not declarative

Retrieval:

Tulving 1983: Encoding specificity principle - tested by word association and targets

Bransford 1979, Morris 1977: TAP tested by phonetic/semantic processing

Implicit memory:

Tulving 1982 word fragment completion - perceptual implicit

Roediger and McDermott 1996: conceptual implicit tests

Roediger 1989 - TAP account

Hunt 1990/McDermott and Roediger 1996 counter evidence

Squire/Tulving: memory systems account

Graf 1984 and Vaidya 1995: amnesiac performance

Cermak 1995: familiarity and context - relates to Mandler dual processes

Jacoby's Process-dissociation framework:

Jacoby 1993: procedure (focused/divided attention)

Joordens and Merikle 1993: criticism re redundancy not independence

Remember and know judgements:

Tulving 1985: word pairs

Gardiner 2002: variables affecting judgements

Donaldson 1996: response criteria

Conway 1997: MCT longitudinal study