Language Arts Exam

Seite 1

Grammar

Gerunds- verbs used as nouns

Participles-verbs used as adjectives

Infinitive Phrase- a phrase that consist of a noun and a verb and everything else that goes with it

Compound Sentence- a sentence that consists of one or more subjects or predicates

Simple Sentence- a sentence consisting of only one clause, with a single subject and predicate

Complex Sentences- a sentence with a dependent clause and an independent clause separated with a pronoun

Seite 2

Literature

Nathaniel Hawthorne

-most famous novel: The Scarlet Letter

-he changed the spelling of his last name because he was ashamed of his ancestors from the Salem Witch Trials

-wrote about the dark side in the human heart and the role that guilt plays in the human conscience

Dr. Heidegger's experiment

Allegory- a literary work in which characters, objects, and events symbolize or represent abstract qualities and ideas by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense.

Symbolism- an object representing another entirely different meaning

Dr. Heidegger- wisdom Mr. Medbourne- love of money Mr. Gasciogne- love of power Colonel Killigrew- love of sinful pleasures Widow Wycherly-vanity black book-magic water- youth mirror- stages of life portrait of lady- beauty rose- rebirth bust of Hippocrates- truth oaken cabinet- death

theme: accept your age and live your life Setting Dr. Heidegger's lab

Washington Irving

-known as the father of American short stories

-pen names: Jonathan Oldstyle, gent., Diedrich Knickerbocker, Geoffrey Crayon

-most famous short story: "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"

satire-a story of ridicule, mockery, and sarcasm to show people's faults

The Devil and Tom Walker

Tom: miserly, meager, stingy, small, mean

Tom's Wife: tall, short temper, strong, loud, stingy, miserly

Old Scratch: devil, greedy, manipulative

Setting- Boston, Massachusetts 1727

symbolism of the trees is that the trees represent the people that made deals with the devil

the riches originally came from Kidd the Pirate's treasure

Frank Stockton

-known as a one-hit wonder who only wrote one popular story

The Lady or the Tiger

king- semi-barbaric, half nice

princess- semi-barbaric, beautiful, determined

dude on trial- common, brave, handsome

setting-amphitheater

crime of dude- loving someone in a higher class than him

justice system- chose your own

princesses's conflict- love and jealousy

she chose the tiger door proof: she thought of him opening the lady's door instead

O. Henry

-wrote about distraught, deranged, and doomed characters

-was convicted of embezzlement

-was scared of dying of lung-disease, ended up dying of tuberculosis

-lived in New York as a writer

-original name was Sydney Porter, changed it because he thought he brought dishonor to his family for going to jail

Cop and the Anthem

Soapy was arrested for: trying a fancy dine and dash. but couldn't get in, broke a store window, mediocre dine and dash, got let in then kicked out for not paying not arrested, intimidate a lady, acted drunk, stole an umbrella

wanted to get arrested to stay at Blackwell's Island(now Rooselvelt's Island) for 3 months so he didn't have to go to a homeless shelter

he decided not to get arrested because of a church song then gets arrested for loitering, situational irony, opposite of what is expected

setting- New York City

theme- you can't control fate

Diary of Anne Frank

-playwrights: Francis Goodrich and Albert Hackett

Setting- 1939-1945(starts at 1945 the flashes back to 1942 then gradually gets to 1945 throughout play) Amsterdam, Holand

definitions to know: Belfry- bell tower Carillon- bells Gestapo-secret Nazi police Cyclorama- curved backdrop rations- food allowence Green Police- German police

important characterzations- Mr. Van Daan- portly Mrs. Van Daan- materialistic Peter- inferiority complex

The Adventure of Tom Sawyer

Author

-Mark Twain( Samuel Langhorne Clemens) means announcing the water depth of two fathoms(12 ft) of a steamboat

-volunteered in the civil war

setting of book- St. Petersburg, Missouri 1850ish

Seite 3

Vocabulary

repugnant- repulsive

restitution- payback

sabotage- interfering with progress of something

scarcity- shortness of supply

scurry- to hurry

serenity- the state of being calm or serene

sociable- friendly to others

somber- gloomy or dismal

specimen- a sample taken for scientific study

stamina- the strength to physically endure

subside- to settle or sink

swagger- an annoying display of arrogance

swarm- to move around in large groups

tactic- a strategic plan to reach a goal

terse- short or brief (rude)

translucent- clear transparent (me)

uncanny- not ordinary or normal

unsightly- unpleasant to see

versatile- able to adapt

vigilant- keenly aware

vulnerable- able to be hurt or fooled; susceptible

waft- to drift in the air

waver- to show indecision

weather- to sustain

zeal- an eager desire; enthusiasm