Quiz
Selected Habitats case studies
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1Selected habitats 1: Temperate broadleaf woodland
Most temperate broadleaf woodland is found in the northern hemisphere in:
[blank_start]Europe[blank_end]
[blank_start]Eastern[blank_end] North America
East [blank_start]Asia[blank_end]
- AEurope
- BEastern
- CAsia
- DAfrica
- ESouthern
2Most trees in temperate broadleaf woodlands are [blank_start]deciduous[blank_end] trees that lose their leaves each year. A [blank_start]wide[blank_end] range of tree species live in temperate broadleaf Woodlands.
- Adeciduous
- Bwide
- Csmall
- Devergreen
3Dominant tree species depend upon the soil conditions, for example, the dominant tree species in British broadleaf Woodlands are:
- Abeech
- Bash
- Coak
- Dpalm
- Ebanana
- Fmaple
4Ecological features
-Temperate broadleaf Woodlands do not have a major [blank_start]temperature[blank_end] [blank_start]extremes[blank_end].
-There is no pronounced [blank_start]dry season[blank_end] - water is available all year.
-The soils are usually [blank_start]deep[blank_end] and fertile. The trees play an important role in the soil formation with [blank_start]dead organic matter[blank_end], and its retention by [blank_start]vegetation cover[blank_end] and root [blank_start]binding[blank_end].
-The tree canopy layer is present from spring until [blank_start]autumn[blank_end], so the growth of plants under the canopy is more difficult because they are [blank_start]shaded[blank_end] during the time when the temperatures are best for [blank_start]growth[blank_end]. Many woodland floor plants overcome this by growing early in [blank_start]spring[blank_end] before the trees have produced leaves, for example, British [blank_start]bluebells[blank_end] and snowdrops.
-The lack of available food during the winter causes many animals to become less [blank_start]active[blank_end], store [blank_start]food[blank_end], hibernate, or [blank_start]migrate[blank_end].- Aextremes
- Btemperature
- Cdry season
- Ddeep
- Edead organic matter
- Fvegetation cover
- Gbinding
- Hshaded
- Igrowth
- Jautumn
- Kspring
- Lbluebells
- Mactive
- Nfood
- Omigrate
5Importance of broadleaf woodland
-high [blank_start]biodiversity[blank_end]
-woodland [blank_start]resources[blank_end]
-[blank_start]recreation[blank_end]
-the [blank_start]hydrological[blank_end] cycle
-carbon [blank_start]sequestration[blank_end]- Abiodiversity
- Bresources
- Crecreation
- Dhydrological
- Esequestration
6High biodiversity - having a high biodiversity creates a higher [blank_start]ecological[blank_end] [blank_start]stability[blank_end]. No species are completely [blank_start]dominant[blank_end] so a change in the population of one species will have a relatively [blank_start]small[blank_end] impact on the overall [blank_start]community[blank_end] of species.
- Aecological
- Bstability
- Cdominant
- Dsmall
- Ecommunity
7Woodland resources - temperate broadleaf woodland was historically important for a wide range of resources.
Wood was used for [blank_start]building[blank_end] construction, fencing, tools, [blank_start]courts[blank_end], wood [blank_start]fuel[blank_end], and [blank_start]charcoal[blank_end] for metal smelting. The Woodlands also provided a [blank_start]food[blank_end] resource for The animals and plants found there, for example, [blank_start]dear[blank_end], fruit, and nuts. Forest resources [blank_start]under longer[blank_end] widely exploited in the UK except timber from commercial [blank_start]plantations[blank_end].- Abuilding
- Bfuel
- Ccarts
- Dcharcoal
- Efood
- Fdeer
- Gare no longer
- Hplantations
8Recreation -
many Woodlands are important for [blank_start]public[blank_end] recreation such as [blank_start]walking[blank_end] or camping.- Awalking
- Bpublic
9The hydrological cycle
All [blank_start]trees[blank_end] play a role in the hydrological cycle through [blank_start]interception[blank_end], Evapotranspiration, and the control of water in the [blank_start]soil[blank_end].- Ainterception
- Bsoil
- Ctrees
10Label the hydrological cycle
- Aevapotranspiration
- Bevaporation
- Cprecipitation
- Dcondensation
- Einfiltration
- Fsublimation
11Carbon sequestration
All plants absorb CO2 during [blank_start]photosynthesis[blank_end] but most release it again during [blank_start]respiration[blank_end] and the [blank_start]decay[blank_end] of their vegetation.
Plants with [blank_start]woody[blank_end] tissue can build up a store of carbon in the [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end] and lignin that forms wood, so woodlands are large reservoirs of stored carbon which [blank_start]reduces[blank_end] atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations.- Aphotosynthesis
- Brespiration
- Cdecay
- Dwoody
- Ecellulose
- Freduces
12Threats to broadleaf woodland
-woodland [blank_start]clearance[blank_end]
-habitat [blank_start]fragmentation[blank_end]- Aclearance
- Bfragmentation
13Woodland clearance: as societies have developed and populations have grown, natural woodland habitats have been cleared to provide space for new land uses, such as:
- AFarmland
- BPlantations
- CUrban development
- DTransportation infrastructure
- EMineral extraction
- Ffishing
- Gsunbathing
- Hhockey
- Ifootball
14Habitat fragmentation:
Woodland [blank_start]clearance[blank_end] may leave remaining areas that are [blank_start]isolated[blank_end] from each other.
If animals cannot move between these areas, then each separate population becomes more vulnerable to [blank_start]extinction[blank_end]- Aisolated
- Bclearance
- Cextinction
15Conservation efforts
-conservation [blank_start]management[blank_end]
-legal protection of [blank_start]ancient[blank_end] woodland
-[blank_start]designated[blank_end] [blank_start]protected[blank_end] [blank_start]areas[blank_end]
-[blank_start]planting[blank_end] of new [blank_start]woodlands[blank_end]- Amanagement
- Bancient
- Cprotected
- Dareas
- Edesignated
- Fplanting
- Gwoodlands
16Woodland management
Historical methods
-‘Wildwood’: areas with virtually no [blank_start]interference[blank_end], for example, hunting forests.
-Mature [blank_start]standard[blank_end] trees: for example, [blank_start]oak[blank_end] for timber framed houses, furniture, and ships.
-[blank_start]Coppiced[blank_end] woodland: for example, Hazel for fencing.
-[blank_start]Pollarding[blank_end]
These methods often created woodlands with high [blank_start]habitat[blank_end] [blank_start]diversity[blank_end], high [blank_start]biodiversity[blank_end], and high [blank_start]wildlife[blank_end] value.- Ainterference
- Bstandard
- Coak
- DCoppiced
- EPollarding
- Fdiversity
- Ghabitat
- Hbiodiversity
- Iwildlife
17Woodland management
Modern methods
-[blank_start]monoculture[blank_end] plantations of single age trees which have low [blank_start]wildlife[blank_end] [blank_start]value[blank_end].
-New woodland areas around [blank_start]field[blank_end] [blank_start]margins[blank_end].
-[blank_start]Community[blank_end] [blank_start]forests[blank_end] planted for recreational use.- Amonoculture
- Bvalue
- Cwildlife
- Dfield
- Emargins
- FCommunity
- Gforests
18Woodland management
[blank_start]-Conservation[blank_end] management
-[blank_start]Coppicing[blank_end] to create wildlife habitats.
-Creation of woodland [blank_start]clearing is[blank_end] to increase habitat diversity.
-Planting of [blank_start]mixed[blank_end] species Woodlands to increase [blank_start]biodiversity[blank_end].- AConservation
- BCoppicing
- Cclearings
- Dmixed
- Ebiodiversity
19Legal protection of ancient woodlands
An ancient woodland in the UK is defined as one that existed before [blank_start]1600[blank_end]. Few Woodlands were [blank_start]deliberately[blank_end] [blank_start]planted[blank_end] before 1600, so a wood that is over 400 years old is likely to have developed [blank_start]naturally[blank_end] a long time ago.
An ancient woodland usually has a very [blank_start]high[blank_end] biodiversity because there has been a long time period for species to [blank_start]colonise[blank_end].
Some species of wild plant colonise woodlands very slowly, so the presence of many such species is evidence that the woodland is ancient. (Eg. [blank_start]Bluebells[blank_end])- A1600
- Bnaturally
- Cdeliberately
- Dplanted
- Ehigh
- Fcolonise
- GBluebells
20Designated protected areas
For example: [blank_start]Sherwood[blank_end] Forest national nature reserve.
In 2012 [blank_start]National[blank_end] [blank_start]Planning[blank_end] [blank_start]Policy[blank_end] [blank_start]Framework[blank_end] states that ‘planning permission should be [blank_start]refused[blank_end] for development resulting in the loss or deterioration of irreplaceable habitats, including ancient woodland and the loss of aged and veteran trees found outside ancient woodland, unless the need for, and benefits of, the development in that location clearly outweigh the loss.’- ASherwood
- BNational
- CPlanning
- DPolicy
- EFramework
- Frefused
21Planting of new Woodlands
Large areas of new woodland have been planted in the UK over the past 30 years, usually on small areas of [blank_start]farmland[blank_end]. These have often included a [blank_start]mix[blank_end] of [blank_start]indigenous[blank_end] tree species that are likely to have an increasing wildlife value as the Woodlands [blank_start]mature[blank_end].
They are especially valuable if they join [blank_start]existing[blank_end] areas of woodland, or habitats such as hedgerows, which can act as [blank_start]biological[blank_end] [blank_start]corridors[blank_end], linking small fragmented areas of woodland.- Afarmland
- Bindigenous
- Cmix
- Dmature
- Eexisting
- Fbiological
- Gcorridors
22Selected habitats 2: Tropical Rainforest
Tropical rainforests are the most [blank_start]biodiverse[blank_end] terrestrial ecosystems. They have not been fully researched, but the relative ease with which new [blank_start]species[blank_end] can be [blank_start]discovered[blank_end] suggests that over [blank_start]half[blank_end] of all [blank_start]terrestrial[blank_end] species live in tropical rainforest, although the rainforests only cover about [blank_start]10%[blank_end] of the Earth’s land area.- Abiodiverse
- Bspecies
- Cdiscovered
- Dterrestrial
- Ehalf
- F10%
- G20%
23Ecological features
The tropical climate has been relatively [blank_start]stable[blank_end] over long time periods, compared with regions further away from the equator.This has given rainforest species a long time to [blank_start]evolve[blank_end] and become adapted to local abiotic and biotic factors. This has produced a large number of different species although they are relatively [blank_start]rare[blank_end] and may have small ranges. Being adapted to relatively stable conditions can make species vulnerable to [blank_start]extinction[blank_end] as a small change in environmental conditions may move them outside their range of [blank_start]tolerance[blank_end].- Astable
- Bevolve
- Crare
- Dextinction
- Etolerance
24High light levels allow [blank_start]photosynthesis[blank_end] rates to be high, providing a lot of [blank_start]food[blank_end] energy to support a rich food [blank_start]web[blank_end].
- Aphotosynthesis
- Bfood
- Cweb
25Constant [blank_start]warm[blank_end] temperatures and regular high [blank_start]rainfall[blank_end] allows plants to grow throughout the year without the [blank_start]seasonal[blank_end] changes that occur in higher latitudes. This insures reliable [blank_start]food[blank_end] supplies are available to animals throughout the year. Populations rarely have the seasonal fluctuations found in higher latitudes as there is no need to [blank_start]hibernate[blank_end] or migrate.
- Awarm
- Brainfall
- Cseasonal
- Dfood
- Ehibernate
26Due to [blank_start]stable[blank_end] abiotic conditions, there is little need for most species to [blank_start]evolve[blank_end] to adapt to different abiotic factors. The main [blank_start]survival[blank_end] [blank_start]pressures[blank_end] are produced by abiotic factors such as getting [blank_start]food[blank_end], avoiding [blank_start]predation[blank_end], and [blank_start]involving[blank_end] better interspecies relationships.
- Astable
- Bevolve
- Cpressures
- Dsurvival
- Efood
- Fpredation
- Gevolving
27Although there are [blank_start]high[blank_end] light levels, there is also a lot of [blank_start]competition[blank_end] for light. Plants that have evolved to grow a tall [blank_start]trunk[blank_end] will have better access to light but must invest a lot of [blank_start]energy[blank_end] over a long time to produce the [blank_start]wood[blank_end] that forms the trunk.
Smaller plants may need to evolve methods of utilising [blank_start]lower[blank_end] light levels, such as denser [blank_start]chlorophyll[blank_end] or additional [blank_start]pigments[blank_end] to absorb wavelengths of light that passed through the leaves of taller plants. [blank_start]Epiphytes[blank_end] live on higher branches of trees to have greater access to light without being tall. However they may have less reliable water and [blank_start]nutrient[blank_end] supplies.- Ahigh
- Bcompetition
- Ctrunk
- Dwood
- Eenergy
- Flower
- Gchlorophyll
- Hpigments
- IEpiphytes
- Jnutrient
28With no distinct [blank_start]seasons[blank_end], different plant species do not have to flower or produce [blank_start]seeds[blank_end] and fruit at the same time as each other. So plants have less [blank_start]competition[blank_end] for the services of animals to pollinate [blank_start]flowers[blank_end] or spread seeds. Food in the form of [blank_start]nectar[blank_end], seeds, or fruit is available to animals throughout the year, which increases animal [blank_start]survival[blank_end].
- Aseasons
- Bseeds
- Ccompetition
- Dflowers
- Enectar
- Fsurvival
29Most trees are [blank_start]deciduous[blank_end] and shed their leaves every year but different species do so at different times of year. So [blank_start]animals[blank_end] that feed on vegetation do not have long periods where there is no [blank_start]food[blank_end].
- Adeciduous
- Banimals
- Cfood
30Importance of tropical rainforests
- Ahigh biodiversity
- Bresources
- Cclimate maintenance
- Dsoil maintenance
- Elow biodiversity
- Fhigh abundance of coral
- Gdeforestation
31High biodiversity on its own does not make an area important to humans, but it does increase the chances of finding [blank_start]useful[blank_end] species. For example, new [blank_start]food[blank_end] species, [blank_start]medical[blank_end] discoveries, or [blank_start]biomimetic[blank_end] applications.
- Auseful
- Bfood
- Cmedical
- Dbiomimetic
32Forest resources
[blank_start]Timber[blank_end] - House construction, furniture, tools.
[blank_start]Fibres[blank_end] - Cotton, hemp (rope), wood cellulose (rayon).
[blank_start]Resins, oils, and waxes[blank_end] - rubber, palm oil.
[blank_start]Food[blank_end] - pineapples, Brazil nuts, bananas, chocolate, coffee, spices, bush meat, genetic resources for crop breeding.
[blank_start]Medicines[blank_end] - Mexican wild yams produce chemicals that can treat arthritis.- ATimber
- BFibres
- CResins, oils, and waxes
- DFood
- EMedicines
33Climate maintenance
Tropical rainforests are very important for increasing down wind [blank_start]rainfall[blank_end]. Over half the rainfall in the Amazon rainforest resulted from [blank_start]transpiration[blank_end] elsewhere in the rainforest rather than coming directly from the [blank_start]evaporation[blank_end] of seawater.- Atranspiration
- Bevaporation
- Crainfall
34As with temperate broadleaf woodland and all trees, carbon [blank_start]sequestration[blank_end] by [blank_start]photosynthesis[blank_end] stores large amounts of carbon in tropical rainforest which helps reduce the natural [blank_start]greenhouse[blank_end] effect.
- Asequestration
- Bphotosynthesis
- Cgreenhouse
35Due to [blank_start]stable[blank_end] abiotic conditions, there is little need for most species to [blank_start]evolve[blank_end] to adapt to different abiotic factors. The main [blank_start]survival[blank_end] [blank_start]pressures[blank_end] are produced by abiotic factors such as getting [blank_start]food[blank_end], avoiding [blank_start]predation[blank_end], and [blank_start]involving[blank_end] better interspecies relationships.
- Astable
- Bevolve
- Csurvival
- Dpressures
- Efood
- Fpredation
- Gevolving
36Although there are high [blank_start]light[blank_end] [blank_start]levels[blank_end], there is also a lot of [blank_start]competition[blank_end] for light. Plants that have evolved to grow a tall [blank_start]trunk[blank_end] will have better access to light but must invest a lot of [blank_start]energy[blank_end] over a long time to produce the [blank_start]wood[blank_end] that forms the trunk.
Smaller plants may need to [blank_start]involve[blank_end] methods of utilising lower light levels, such as [blank_start]denser[blank_end] [blank_start]chlorophyll[blank_end] or additional [blank_start]pigments[blank_end] to absorb [blank_start]wavelengths[blank_end] of light that passed through the leaves of taller plants. [blank_start]Epiphytes[blank_end] live on higher branches of trees to have greater access to light without being tall. However they may have less reliable water and [blank_start]nutrient[blank_end] supplies.- Alight
- Blevels
- Ccompetition
- Dtrunk
- Eenergy
- Fwood
- Gevolve
- Hchlorophyll
- Idenser
- Jpigments
- Kwavelengths
- LEpiphytes
- Mnutrient
37With no distinct [blank_start]seasons[blank_end], different plant species do not have to [blank_start]flower[blank_end] or produce seeds and [blank_start]fruit[blank_end] at the same time as each other. So plants have less [blank_start]competition[blank_end] for the services of [blank_start]animals[blank_end] to pollinate [blank_start]flowers[blank_end] or spread [blank_start]seeds[blank_end]. Food in the form of nectar, seeds, or fruit is available to animals throughout the year, which increases animal [blank_start]survival[blank_end].
- Aseasons
- Bflower
- Cfruit
- Dcompetition
- Eanimals
- Fflowers
- Gseeds
- Hsurvival
38Most trees are [blank_start]deciduous[blank_end] and shed their leaves every year but different species do so at different times of year. So animals that feed on [blank_start]vegetation[blank_end] do not have long periods where there is no [blank_start]food[blank_end].
- Adeciduous
- Bvegetation
- Cfood
39Importance of tropical rainforests
- Ahigh biodiversity
- Bresources
- Cclimate maintenance
- Dsoil maintenance
- Ehigh coral abundance
- Fdiverse marine life
- Gdeforestation
40High [blank_start]biodiversity[blank_end] on its own does not make an area [blank_start]important[blank_end] to humans, but it does increase the chances of finding useful species. For example, new food species, [blank_start]medical[blank_end] discoveries, or [blank_start]biomimetic[blank_end] applications.
- Abiodiversity
- Bimportant
- Cmedical
- Dbiomimetic
41Forest resources
[blank_start]Timber[blank_end] - House construction, furniture, tools.
[blank_start]Fibres[blank_end] - Cotton, hemp (rope), wood cellulose (rayon).
[blank_start]Resins, oils, and waxes[blank_end] - rubber, palm oil.
[blank_start]Food[blank_end] - pineapples, Brazil nuts, bananas, chocolate, coffee, spices, bush meat, genetic resources for crop breeding.
[blank_start]Medicines[blank_end] - Mexican wild yams produce chemicals that can treat arthritis.- ATimber
- BFibres
- CResins, oils, and waxes
- DFood
- EMedicines
42Climate maintenance
Tropical rainforests are very important for increasing down wind [blank_start]rainfall[blank_end]. Over half the rainfall in the Amazon rainforest resulted from [blank_start]transpiration[blank_end] elsewhere in the rainforest rather than coming directly from the [blank_start]evaporation[blank_end] of seawater.- Arainfall
- Btranspiration
- Cevaporation
43As with temperate broadleaf woodland and all trees, carbon [blank_start]sequestration[blank_end] by [blank_start]photosynthesis[blank_end] stores large amounts of carbon in tropical rainforest which helps reduce the natural [blank_start]greenhouse[blank_end] effect.
- Asequestration
- Bphotosynthesis
- Cgreenhouse
44Soil maintenance
The warm, moist conditions make dead vegetation [blank_start]decay[blank_end] very rapidly, so nutrients can be [blank_start]reabsorbed[blank_end] by trees very quickly.
Because of this, soils in tropical rainforests are often very [blank_start]shallow[blank_end]. The vegetation cover and tree roots are important in preventing the soil that is present from being [blank_start]eroded[blank_end], as the foliage protects the soil from heavy [blank_start]rain[blank_end] and the [blank_start]roots[blank_end] hold the soil together.Forest [blank_start]clearance[blank_end] can lead to serious soil erosion.- Adecay
- Breabsorbed
- Cshallow
- Deroded
- Erain
- Froots
- Gclearance
45Threats to tropical rainforests
- Afuelwood collection
- Btimber harvesting
- Cclearance for agriculture
- Dmineral extraction
- Ereservoirs
- Fclimate change
- Gtourism
- Htrawling
- Ioverfishing
- Jmelting ice
46Fuelwood collection
Wood is the most important domestic [blank_start]fuel[blank_end] in rural areas of LEDCs. The rate of the wood collection is usually faster than the rate of [blank_start]re-planting[blank_end] and natural [blank_start]regrowth[blank_end].- Afuel
- Bregrowth
- Cre-planting
47Timber harvesting
Timber from tropical rainforest is harvested for use in two main ways:
Use in the [blank_start]country of origin[blank_end] for house construction and [blank_start]furniture[blank_end].
Export to [blank_start]MEDCs[blank_end] for use in products such as furniture and doors.- Acountry of origin
- Bfurniture
- CMEDCs
48Clearance
Subsistence agriculture - sustainable agriculture done by families for [blank_start]personal[blank_end] use. Families create small [blank_start]clearings[blank_end] to farm until the soil nutrients is [blank_start]depleted[blank_end] and the clearing is left to grow [blank_start]wildly[blank_end] again. This has been done for hundreds of years and has cause [blank_start]very few[blank_end] environmental problems.- Apersonal
- Bclearings
- Cdepleted
- Dnaturally
- Every few
49Commercial agriculture
As human [blank_start]populations[blank_end] grow, the demand for farmland [blank_start]increases[blank_end] and habitats such as rainforests may be [blank_start]cleared[blank_end]. Rainforest clearance for crops or [blank_start]cattle[blank_end] is often unsustainable, as the poor tropical soils may become [blank_start]infertile[blank_end].If the land is abandoned, it may be difficult for the forest to [blank_start]re-colonise[blank_end] if there is no surviving forest areas nearby.
For example, large areas of rainforest have been cleared for [blank_start]coffee[blank_end] plantations in Vietnam.- Apopulations
- Bincreases
- Ccleared
- Dcattle
- Einfertile
- Fre-colonise
- Gcoffee
50Mineral extraction
there are many valuable deposits of metal minerals present under tropical rainforests, including [blank_start]aluminium[blank_end] and gold.[blank_start]Extraction[blank_end] results in habitat loss and can cause water [blank_start]pollution[blank_end] when the mineral is processed, such as discharges of [blank_start]turbid[blank_end] drainage water, cyanide, and [blank_start]mercury[blank_end].- Aaluminium
- BExtraction
- Cpollution
- Dturbid
- Emercury
51Reservoirs
New [blank_start]hydroelectric[blank_end] power schemes can flood a large areas of forest and create a barrier to mobile species such as migratory fish and river dolphins. The [blank_start]decomposition[blank_end] of dead organic matter in deep, static, reservoir water can produce acidic, [blank_start]deoxygenated[blank_end] water that may be [blank_start]harmful[blank_end] to aquatic life downstream.The flow of water out of the reservoir may be [blank_start]controlled[blank_end] to generate electricity to match demand, but [blank_start]fluctuating[blank_end] river levels downstream can affect wildlife.- Ahydroelectric
- Bdecomposition
- Cdeoxygenated
- Dcontrolled
- Eharmful
- Ffluctuating
52Climate change
[blank_start]Droughts[blank_end] in tropical rainforest caused by climate change will increase the number of forest [blank_start]fires[blank_end] and the area that the fires cover.Fires are also likely to last longer causing more [blank_start]damage[blank_end]. A long fire may [blank_start]boil[blank_end] tree sap and kill the trees.
The populations of many frogs and toads in [blank_start]cloud[blank_end] [blank_start]rainforest[blank_end] are declining, in countries such as Costa Rica. [blank_start]Stop rising[blank_end] temperatures are reducing condensation in clouds are forming higher up the mountains. This reduces the area of habitat that is [blank_start]humid[blank_end] enough for them to survive.
Epiphytic plants such as orchids and air plants absorb water from the bark surface of the trees they live on.
Their populations [blank_start]decline[blank_end] if the air is less humid.
Some computer climate models predict that with some rainforest areas will be replaced by [blank_start]savanna[blank_end] [blank_start]grassland[blank_end].- ADroughts
- Bfires
- Cdamage
- Dboil
- Ecloud
- Frainforests
- GRising
- Hhumid
- Idecline
- Jsavanna
- Kgrassland
53Tourism
The expansion of [blank_start]tourism[blank_end] [blank_start]facilities[blank_end] can threaten habitats and wildlife. [blank_start]Ecotourism[blank_end] is an increasingly important way of generating income without having to destroy the forest.
However, in some countries the large numbers of [blank_start]visitors[blank_end] can cause damage, as it has been found in Costa Rica.- Afacilities
- Btourism
- CEcotourism
- Dvisitors
54Conservation efforts
- Aprotected areas
- Bdebt for nature swaps
- Cdeforestation
- Dagriculture
- Emarine protected areas
55Debt for nature swaps
Many countries that have threatened rainforests are in [blank_start]debt[blank_end] to other countries. The country that lent the money may be prepared to [blank_start]cancel[blank_end] the debt in return for a guarantee that an area of the rainforest will be [blank_start]protected[blank_end].
Conservation [blank_start]charities[blank_end] make negotiate to pay off part of the debt if The country that owes the debt agrees to [blank_start]conserve[blank_end] a wildlife habitat. The [blank_start]WWF[blank_end] has organised debt for nature swaps in this way to protect rainforests in [blank_start]Costa Rica[blank_end] and the Philippines.- Adebt
- Bcancel
- Cprotected
- Dconserve
- Echarities
- FCosta Rica
- GWWF
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- A level Environmental Studies Quiz am Selected Habitats case studies, erstellt von reggie black am 14/12/2025.
- Autor
- reggie black
- Sprache
- English
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