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Animal Biology Practice Exam 1
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1Ecology is the study of interactions and relationships of organisms with surrounding biotic and abiotic components.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
2The levels of ecology from smallest to largest are:
[blank_start]Individual[blank_end] < [blank_start]Population[blank_end] < [blank_start]Community[blank_end] < [blank_start]Ecosystem[blank_end] < [blank_start]Biosphere[blank_end]- AIndividual
- BPopulation
- CCommunity
- DEcosystem
- EBiosphere
3What is the most important abiotic parameter defining species distribution?
- ATemperature
- BHabitat
- CEcological roles
- DOxygen levels
4What is the ecological "space" a species fills?
- ANiche
- BPopulation
- CCommunity
- DAbiotic parameter
- EBiotic parameter
5Select all the phyla that belong in the animal kingdom:
- APorifera
- BCnidaria
- CPlatyhelminthes
- DNematoda
- EMollusca
- FAnnelida
- GArthropoda
- HEchinodermata
- IChordata
- JPteridophyta
6A [blank_start]diploblast[blank_end] has two germ layers and a [blank_start]triploblast[blank_end] has three germ layers.
- Adiploblast
- Btriploblast
- Ctriploblast
- Ddiploblast
7A deuterostome is [blank_start]anus[blank_end] first and a protostome is [blank_start]mouth[blank_end] first.
- Aanus
- Bmouth
- Cmouth
- Danus
8A unique characteristic of animals is that all were developed from a [blank_start]blastula[blank_end], a hollow ball of embryonic cells.
- Ablastula
9A unique characteristic of animals is that all have cell adhesion molecules: including [blank_start]fibronectin[blank_end] and [blank_start]cadherins[blank_end].
- Afibronectin
- Bcadherins
10A unique characteristic of animals is all have cell junctions including [blank_start]tight junctions[blank_end], [blank_start]desmosomes[blank_end], and [blank_start]gap junctions[blank_end]
- Atight junctions
- Bdesmosomes
- Cgap junctions
11A unique characteristic of animals is all have an extracellular matrix containing [blank_start]collagen[blank_end].
- Acollagen
12Label the graphic in terms of fundamental niche and realized niche.
- ARealized niche
- BFundamental niche
13A [blank_start]fundamental[blank_end] niche includes all acceptable conditions which a species can occupy while a [blank_start]realized[blank_end] niche is a subset of suitable conditions that a species occupies.
- Afundamental
- Brealized
- Crealized
- Dfundamental
14Pair the animals to their correct type in the survivorship curve.
- AHuman
- BMackerel
- CAmerican Robin
- DHuman
- EAmerican Robin
- FMackerel
- GHuman
- HAmerican Robin
- IMackerel
15What survivorship curve would you expect for sea turtle populations?
- AType 1
- BType 2
- CType 3
16Growth is limited by resources.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
17What is the term for a resource in short supply?
- ALimited resource
- BLimited factor
- CCarrying capacity
- DNiche
18What is the term for the largest population that an environment can support?
- ACarry capacity
- BComplete niche
- CMaximum capacity
- DExponential growth
19At carrying capacity, birth rates are [blank_start]equal to[blank_end] death rates.
- Aequal to
- Bgreater than
- Cless than
20Populations [blank_start]fluctuate[blank_end] around carrying capacity.
- Afluctuate
- Bflourish
- Cdiminish
21A density-independent effect impact is proportional to number of individuals in an area.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
22Select all the CORRECT statements about competition:
- ACompetition reduces the fitness of BOTH parties.
- BCompetition occurs when resources are limited.
- CCompetition can be intraspecific or interspecific.
- DCompetition is a density-independent effect.
23Populations of predator and prey tend to oscillate when a predator relies on a single prey species
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
24What does this image depict?
- AResource partitioning
- BLimited resources
- CRealized niches
- DInterspecies competition
25[blank_start]Cell fate[blank_end] is determined by a series of "decisions" made in early development that become the programmed identity of cells with a point of no return.
- ACell fate
26[blank_start]Cleavage[blank_end] is the first cell divisions where zygotic contents partition among smaller cells.
- ACleavage
27[blank_start]Gastrulation[blank_end] is the formation of gut and other germ layer(s) in addition to ectoderm.
- AGastrulation
28[blank_start]Morphogenesis[blank_end] is the development of organismal form and/or shape.
- AMorphogenesis
29A zygote subdivides into smaller cells called [blank_start]blastomeres[blank_end].
- Ablastomeres
30Cell fates are closely linked to germ layers.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
31Name the type of cleavage shown:
- AMeroblastic
- BHoloblastic
32Name the type of cleavage shown:
- AMeroblastic
- BHoloblastic
33Gradients of morphogens can be established in what ways?
- AUnequal distribution in the zygote.
- BProduction of morphogens from specific cells.
- CInheriting of morphogens from parent cell.
- DEqual distribution in the zygote.
34Early development requires two processes:
- APattern formation
- BDifferentiation
- CDevelopment of mitochondria
- DMitosis
35Which statement best describes competitive relationship:
- ATwo species of birds that live harmoneously in the same oak tree.
- BA north Georgia bobcat and a cougar population that both prey on cottontail rabbits.
- CA nematode that infects a white-footed mouse by tropic transmission.
- DA barnacle that resides on the underbelly of a whale shark.
36Which statement best describes a parasitic relationship:
- AA white-footed mouse infected by a nematode through tropic transmission.
- BTwo species of birds that reside in the same oak tree.
- CA Central American squirrel monkey that eats bananas and ants and a Geoffroy's spider monkey that eats starfruit and flies in the same Costa Rican rainforest region.
- DTwo species of tropical fish that live in different locations in the same coral reef.
37Which is an example of an amensalism relationship:
- AA black walnut tree secreting the chemical, juglone, killing all it's neighboring plants.
- BTwo species of birds harmoniously living at different level branches in the same oak tree.
- CTwo species of lizards eating the same type of fly in a local coastal marsh.
- DA swamp rabbit and a marsh rabbit inhabiting different regions in Georgia.
38Select the example of mutualistic relationship:
- ATwo species of birds harmoniously living on different branch levels of the same oak tree.
- BA population of Northwestern salmon with more males than females during breeding season.
- CThe bread mold Penicillium secreting penicillin to that chemical kills bacteria.
- DA nematode that infects the white-footed mouse by trophic transmission.
39Select the example of a commensalistic relationship:
- AA clownfish that live amid the tentacles of the anemones which protects them from predators.
- BTwo species of birds that live harmoniously on different level branches of the same oak tree.
- CA nematode that infects the white-footed mouse via trophic transmission.
- DA marsh rabbit and a swamp rabbit that migrated to different wetland regions in Georgia.
40Theories exist that explain the method in which multicellularity arose in animals. Which theory has the most evidentiary support in the scientific community?
- ASymbiotic relationship between protist species.
- BAncestral colonial protist
- CCellularization: multinucleate protist ancestor evolves membranes around nuclei.
- DAll have equal support in the scientific community.
41According to this phylogenetic tree, annelids are most closely related to _____.
- Aarthropods
- Bmolluscs
- Cnematodes
- Dcnidarians
- Eplatyhelminths
42According to this phylogenetic tree, the clade that includes echinoderms and chordates is most closely related to the clade that includes _____.
- Amolluscs
- Bporiferans
- Cnematodes
- Dcnidarians
- Eplatyhelminths
43According to this phylogenetic tree, cnidarians are most closely related to _____.
- Anematodes
- Bannelids
- Cmolluscs
- Dechinoderms
- Eplatyhelminths
44According to this phylogenetic tree, chordates are most closely related to _____.
- Aarthropods
- Bmolluscs
- Cpariferans
- Dechinoderms
- Ecnidarians
45This phylogenetic tree indicates that mammals are most closely related to _____.
- Asharks, rays, and chimaeras
- Bray-finned fishes
- Ctunicates
- Dreptiles
- Eamphibians
46According to this phylogenetic tree, the animals most closely related to reptiles and mammals are _____.
- Asharks, rays, and chimaeras
- Bamphibians
- Clampreys
- Dray-finned fishes
- Elancelets
47The group in the red box is
- Amonophyletic
- Bpolyphyletic
- Cparaphyletic
48The group in the red box is
- Amonophyletic
- Bpolyphyletic
- Cparaphyletic
49The group in the red box is
- Amonophyletic
- Bparaphyletic
- Cpolyphyletic
50Accurate taxonomy is based on
- Amonophyly
- Bparaphyly
- Cpolyphyly
- Da combination of monophyly, paraphyly, and polyphyly.
51Select all the scenarios that are considered density-independant:
- AA coastal region experiencing a flood from heavy spring rains
- BA costa rican population of spider monkeys experiencing a food shortage for the first time in a decade
- CA wildfire that is destroyed 100 acres of Redwood forest in California.
- DA population of gray squirrels experiencing an increase in predation by the red fox population.
- EA local farm introducing a new pesticide to corn that targets the short-horned grasshopper.
- FA town in New Hampshire whose landfills will be at max capacity in less than one year.
- GA population of coyotes that is experiencing an increased occurrence of mange.
- HSeveral countries in South America lost 10% of their population due to experiencing a 8.5 magnitude earthquake.
52Select all the scenarios that are density-dependent:
- AA category 5 hurricane caused an atlantic coastal town to lose 10% of their population.
- BA wildfire swept through 10 western US farming counties and killed thousands of acres of crops.
- CA population of gray squirrels is experiencing a shortage of food for the first time in a decade.
- DA population of cottontail rabbits is experiencing an increase in predation by a population of red fox.
- EA town in Vermont is experiencing an influx and overflow in their local sewer system.
- FA population of white-tailed deer is experiencing an influx in lyme disease.
- GA population of Northwestern African cheetah has in influx in male cheetahs to female cheetahs during mating season, causing the males to compete for mates.
- HA local farm is introducing a new pesticide to their corn to target the short-horned grasshopper.
- IA 8.5 magnitude earthquake destroyed the water supply and killed 500 people across 3 South American countries.
53What states that two species that compete for the exact same resources cannot stably coexist?
- AThe Principle of Competitive Exclusion
- BThe Theory of Multicellularity
- CThe Principle of Resource Partitioning
- DThe Theory of Evolution
54All of the following factors led to exponential human population growth about a thousand years ago EXCEPT:
- AReduction in disease
- BReduction in human waste
- Cincrease in food supply
- Dcolder climate
- Eexpansion of habitat
55All cells in the human body are genomically equal except for sex cells.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
56This image depicts a morphogen gradient that is equally distributed.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
57In conditional specification, cells secrete [blank_start]morphogens[blank_end] to influence nearby cells to differentiate.
- Amorphogens
- Bgradients
- Cgenes
- Dmesoderm
- Ecytoplasm
58Select all the correct statements about mosaic cleavage:
- Apatterns arise from cytoplasmic specification
- Bheavily influenced by maternal effect gene products in the egg.
- Cprotostomes
- Ddeuterstomes
- Ecell fate is fixed after first division
- Fcell fate is NOT fixed after first division
- Gcells "regulate" development of nearby undifferentiated cells by producing morphogens
- Hpatterns arise from induction
59Select all the correct statements about regulative cleavage:
- Apatterns arise from cytoplasmic specification
- Bcell fate fixed after first division
- Cheavily influenced by maternal effect gene products in the egg
- Dprotostomes
- Edeuterstomes
- Fcell fate is NOT fixed after first division
- Gcells "regulate" development of nearby cells by producing morphogens
- Hpatterns arise from induction
60[blank_start]Cytoplasmic specification[blank_end] is when blastomeres inherit different amounts of various morphogens during initial stages of zygote division.
- ACytoplasmic specification
- BInduction
61[blank_start]Induction[blank_end] is when morphogen concentrations drop as distance from source cells increases.
- AInduction
- BCytoplasmic specification
62[blank_start]Pattern formation[blank_end] is where body regions and cell types will be formed.
- APattern formation
- BDifferentiation
63[blank_start]Differentiation[blank_end] is what type of cell will develop.
- ADifferentiation
- BPattern formation
64Gradients of morphogens identify major axes. The primary development axes are:
- AAnterior-posterior
- BDorsal-ventral
- CSuperficial-Deep
- DDistal-Medial
65Primary morphogen gradients set up gradients in other morphogens.
- ARichtig
- BFalsch
66Hox genes...
- Acode for morphogens that define specific regions in the body.
- Bcontain a short sequence that codes for a homeobox domain.
- Care homeobox domains.
- Dare morphogens.
- Eare highly conserved genes.
- Fare arranged in gene clusters.
- Gare arranged in a radial formation.
- Hexplain consistency of early development among diverse animal phyla
- Iexplain the inconsistencies of development between animal phyla and plant phyla
67The order of Hox genes represents where the gene will be expressed along an animal's [blank_start]anterior-posterior[blank_end] axis.
- Aanterior-posterior
- Bdorsal-ventral
- Csuperficial-deep
- Ddistal-medial
68Mutation in [blank_start]Hox genes[blank_end] may explain major morphological changes in evolution.
- AHox genes
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Practice Exam for Animal Biology Exam 1: Animal Characteristics, Phylogenetics, Animal Ecology, and Animal Development and Architecture
- Autor
- lsmith181
- Sprache
- English
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