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Science- Test 1- Soil

Beschreibung

8th grade Science Quiz am Science- Test 1- Soil, erstellt von Shreya Sehgal am 16/12/2017.
Shreya Sehgal
Quiz von Shreya Sehgal, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Shreya Sehgal
Erstellt von Shreya Sehgal vor mehr als 6 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
What is the term to match with this definition? The mechanical and chemical processes that change objects on Earth's surface over time. It is able to break, wear, abrade, and chemically alter rocks.
Antworten
  • erosion
  • weathering
  • deposition

Frage 2

Frage
What is mechanical weathering? Check all that apply.
Antworten
  • Physical processes naturally break rocks down
  • Rocks can be chemically altered
  • Rocks are broken down into smaller pieces called sediment

Frage 3

Frage
True or False- Sand, silt, and clay make up sediment.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 4

Frage
What are the largest soil pieces?
Antworten
  • Silt
  • Clay
  • Sand

Frage 5

Frage
What are the smallest soil pieces?
Antworten
  • Clay
  • Sand
  • Silt

Frage 6

Frage
[blank_start]Sediment[blank_end] forms when weathering breaks rocks down into smaller and smaller pieces.
Antworten
  • Sediment

Frage 7

Frage
How can changing the chemical makeup of the rock affect the rock? Check all that apply
Antworten
  • Changing the chemical makeup of the rock doesn't affect it at all
  • Changing the chemical makeup often makes it easier for the rock to break down
  • Changing the chemical makeup of the rock makes it harder to break down the rock
  • Changing the chemical makeup of the rock makes the rock weaker so it will wear easier.

Frage 8

Frage
The chemical makeup of a rock is NOT changed by [blank_start]mechanical weathering[blank_end].
Antworten
  • mechanical weathering
  • chemical weathering

Frage 9

Frage
The total surface are of something [blank_start]increases[blank_end] when it is broken into smaller pieces.
Antworten
  • increases
  • remains the same
  • decreases

Frage 10

Frage
True or False- Surface are is the amount of space outside an object.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 11

Frage
What are the causes of MECHANICAL weathering? Check all that apply.
Antworten
  • Thermal Expansion
  • Animal Actions
  • Carbonic Acid
  • Ice Wedging
  • Water
  • Abrasion
  • Oxidation
  • Acid Rain
  • Plant Growth

Frage 12

Frage
What is thermal expansion?
Antworten
  • The temperature of a forest fire causes nearby rocks to expand
  • The heat from fire or a hot summer day causes rocks to burn.
  • The heat from the sun causes rocks to contract and wither, breaking them.
  • The temperature of a forest fire causes rocks to crack
  • both A and D
  • both A and B

Frage 13

Frage
Another word for ice wedging is [blank_start]frost wedging[blank_end].
Antworten
  • frost wedging

Frage 14

Frage
What is the process of ice wedging in order?
Antworten
  • 1. Water enters cracks in rocks 2. Ice expands 3. Crack widens
  • 1. Water enters cracks in rock 2. Water freezes when the temperature drops 3. Ice expands 4. Crack widens 5. Repeated freezing and thawing eventually breaks the rock
  • 1. Ice is previously in the rock 2. Ice breaks the rock 3. Ice expands. 4. Freezing and thawing cracks the rock

Frage 15

Frage
What is abrasion? Check all that apply.
Antworten
  • The wearing away of rock by friction or impact
  • When rocks bump into each other in a stream or by wind.
  • A mechanical process
  • None of the above
  • All of the above

Frage 16

Frage
Plant growth is when plants grow in a [blank_start]crack[blank_end] in the rock. The plant then absorbs [blank_start]minerals[blank_end] from the rock, making it weaker. Then, the roots of the plant get wider, pushing on either side of the crack and breaking it.
Antworten
  • crack
  • minerals

Frage 17

Frage
What are animal actions?
Antworten
  • Animals die and decay on rocks, forming organic rocks.
  • Animals burrow through rocks and break it down as they dig.
  • Animals burrowing through the ground create holes and areas where the soil can be exposed to more weathering.
  • A and B
  • B and C

Frage 18

Frage
True or False- The surface area of a rock is important
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 19

Frage
Carbonic acid is when [blank_start]water[blank_end] reacts with carbon dioxide in the air.
Antworten
  • water
  • oxygen
  • nitrogen
  • acid

Frage 20

Frage
What is chemical weathering?
Antworten
  • Water, air, and other substances react with minerals in the rock to change the rock.
  • Chemical weathering changes the chemical composition of minerals.
  • A process that beaks down rocks into smaller pieces called sediments. These sediments are not the same chemically.
  • All of the above

Frage 21

Frage
True or False- Rocks weather at different rates.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 22

Frage
True or False- Weathering is slow in cold, dry places.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 23

Frage
What process hollows out limestone caves?
Antworten
  • Mechanical weathering
  • Chemical weathering
  • Spatial Weathering
  • Cave weathering

Frage 24

Frage
What is weathering?
Antworten
  • A shift in weather patterns
  • A process that breaks rocks down into smaller pieces
  • The process by which mountains are formed
  • A process where the seasons change

Frage 25

Frage
How might a weathered mountain appear different from an unweathered mountain?
Antworten
  • The weathered mountain will appear rounder
  • The weathered mountain will appear taller
  • The weathered mountain would contain fewer trees
  • The weathered mountain would appear more jagged

Frage 26

Frage
How does mechanical weathering differ from chemical weathering?
Antworten
  • Chemical weathering is a faster process than mechanical weathering.
  • Chemical weathering occurs in wet climates; Mechanical weathering occurs in dry climates.
  • Chemical weathering is more effective than mechanical weathering.
  • Chemical weathering changes the chemical composition of the rock; Mechanical weathering does not.

Frage 27

Frage
What might cause weathering?
Antworten
  • volcanic eruptions
  • acid rain
  • violent earthquakes
  • growing plants and expanding ice

Frage 28

Frage
What impact does weathering have on soil formation?
Antworten
  • Chemical weathering adds helpful chemicals to the soil.
  • Rocks are broken down into sediment which helps make up soil.
  • Ice wedging in mechanical weathering helps add water to the soil when the ice melts.
  • Volcanic eruptions contribute metamorphic rocks to the soil.

Frage 29

Frage
What type of rocks are formed by weathering? Check all that apply.
Antworten
  • Igneous rocks
  • Sedimentary rocks
  • Metamorphic rocks
  • Slate

Frage 30

Frage
How long does the weathering process take?
Antworten
  • There is not enough information to determine this
  • It varies
  • Years and years
  • 5-7 months

Frage 31

Frage
Carbonic acid is a mixture of..
Antworten
  • water and oxygen
  • water and carbon dioxide
  • chemical pollutants and oxygen
  • carbon dioxide and acids

Frage 32

Frage
[blank_start]Heat[blank_end] speeds up chemical reactions
Antworten
  • Heat
  • Water
  • Cold climate

Frage 33

Frage
Oxidation is: When [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] combines with other elements or molecules, it causes [blank_start]chemical[blank_end] weathering to occur in a rock. When oxygen combines with iron, it forms [blank_start]iron[blank_end]-oxide. This is also know as [blank_start]rust[blank_end]!
Antworten
  • oxygen
  • chemical
  • iron
  • rust

Frage 34

Frage
True or False- Similar rocks can weather at different rates.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 35

Frage
True or False- The climate, or average weather in a region or area, doesn't affect the rate of weathering.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 36

Frage
The rate of weathering depends on [blank_start]water[blank_end] and tempreture
Antworten
  • water

Frage 37

Frage
Weathering often occurs [blank_start]fastest[blank_end] in regions near the equator
Antworten
  • fastest
  • slowest

Frage 38

Frage
True or False-The type of rock affects the rate of weathering
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 39

Frage
Which of the following is true? Choose the best answer.
Antworten
  • The most easily weathered mineral determines the rate at which the entire rock weathers.
  • The mineral that is the most difficult to weather determines the rate at which the entire rock weathers.
  • The weathering rate is not affected by the minerals in the rock.

Frage 40

Frage
True or False- Low hardness- harder to weather
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 41

Frage
The size and the [blank_start]number of holes[blank_end] in the rock affects the rate at which the rock weathers.
Antworten
  • number of holes
  • shape
  • amount of dirt

Frage 42

Frage
Fill in the blank. ____________ in the air can react with rain to make it more acidic.
Antworten
  • Nitrogen
  • Pollutants
  • Oxygen
  • Water vapor

Frage 43

Frage
How does chemical weathering change rock?
Antworten
  • It breaks down rock into sediments.
  • It physically breaks rocks down.
  • It changes rocks through water, carbonic acid, acid rain, and oxidation.
  • Both A and C
  • None of the above

Frage 44

Frage
Water is known as the universal [blank_start]solvent[blank_end] since so many substances dissolve in water.
Antworten
  • solvent

Frage 45

Frage
Carbon dioxide reacts with water in the air. It then sinks into the [blank_start]soil[blank_end] to create carbonic acid.
Antworten
  • soil
  • grass
  • concrete

Frage 46

Frage
When pollutants enter the air and react with rain, acid rain is produced. What are some examples of pollutants? Check all that apply.
Antworten
  • Oxygen
  • Volcanoes
  • Factory smoke
  • Sulfur oxides
  • Nitrogen

Frage 47

Frage
When oxidation occurs, the inside of the rock oxidizes the most and turns red because of it.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 48

Frage
Is sand formed through mechanical or chemical weathering?
Antworten
  • Mechanical
  • Chemical
  • Both
  • Neither

Frage 49

Frage
Is oxidation a chemical or mechanical process?
Antworten
  • Chemical
  • Mechanical

Frage 50

Frage
How is the pH of a solution measured? (on a scale)
Antworten
  • On a scale of 1-14
  • On a scale of 1-7
  • On a scale of 0-14
  • On a scale of 0-7

Frage 51

Frage
Which mineral dissolves most substances in chemical weathering?
Antworten
  • acid
  • water
  • air

Frage 52

Frage
What is another way to measure pH? Check all that apply.
Antworten
  • Weather it is Acidic
  • Weather it is Basic
  • Whether it is Nuetral
  • pH is only measured on a scale

Frage 53

Frage
What is the pH of a neutral substance?
Antworten
  • 5
  • 0
  • 1
  • 14
  • 7
  • 8

Frage 54

Frage
What is the pH of normal rain?
Antworten
  • 5
  • 6
  • 4
  • none of the above
  • 7

Frage 55

Frage
True or False- The pH of acid rain is 4.5.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 56

Frage
True or False- Normal rain causes more chemical weathering than acid rain does.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 57

Frage
Repeated freezing and [blank_start]thawing[blank_end] breaks rocks apart.
Antworten
  • thawing

Frage 58

Frage
Which of the following causes abrasion? Check all that apply.
Antworten
  • Glaciers
  • Wind
  • Waves
  • A strong current in a stream.

Frage 59

Frage
Choose the best, most accurate definition for soil.
Antworten
  • The mixture of weathered rock, rock fragments, decayed organic material, water, and air.
  • The dirt on the ground.
  • The territory of a particular nation.
  • The brown, dirty ground on which we stand upon that farmers plant crops upon so they can grow.
  • Sand, silt, and clay.

Frage 60

Frage
True or False- Half or the volume of soil is solid materials.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 61

Frage
What is the organic matter in soil? Choose all that apply.
Antworten
  • The remains of animals
  • The remains of plants
  • Humus
  • Litter
  • Sand
  • Silt
  • Clay

Frage 62

Frage
What is Humus?
Antworten
  • The dark organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decay.
  • Leaves twigs and and other material that drops to the soil and piles up.
  • Organic matter that is very nutritious and fertile that supports plant growth.
  • A and B
  • A and C
  • B and C

Frage 63

Frage
True or False- Soil texture is the size of the particles.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 64

Frage
The [blank_start]inorganic[blank_end] matter in soil is material that has never been alive. Examples are boulders, gravel, sand, silt, and clay.
Antworten
  • inorganic
  • organic

Frage 65

Frage
What are pores? Choose the best answer.
Antworten
  • Small openings in the skin
  • Holes and spaces in leaves and litter.
  • Holes in sand, silt, and clay where water and air can pass through

Frage 66

Frage
What is litter? Check all that apply.
Antworten
  • Leaves and twigs that fall on soil.
  • Trash that people throw on the ground.
  • Organic, nutritious material.
  • Decomposed and decayed plant material.

Frage 67

Frage
Clay has [blank_start]small[blank_end] pores. Sand has [blank_start]big[blank_end] pores.
Antworten
  • small
  • big
  • medium-sized
  • big
  • small
  • medium-sized

Frage 68

Frage
Soil fertility is the ability for soil to support [blank_start]plant growth[blank_end]. (2 words)
Antworten
  • plant growth

Frage 69

Frage
True or False- The more organic material (litter and humus) there is in soil, the more fertile it is.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 70

Frage
True or False- Inorganic material is often not very fertile.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 71

Frage
Parent material is also known as [blank_start]bedrock[blank_end].
Antworten
  • bedrock

Frage 72

Frage
What factors affect the rate at which soil forms? Check all that apply.
Antworten
  • Topography
  • Time
  • Biota
  • Climate
  • Parent material
  • Color
  • Texture

Frage 73

Frage
True or False- Soil horizons are layers of the soil formed from the movement of products weathering.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 74

Frage
The [blank_start]B[blank_end] horizon contains clay particles. The [blank_start]C[blank_end] horizon is the weathered layer of rock or sediments. The [blank_start]A[blank_end] horizon contains organic matter.
Antworten
  • B
  • A
  • C
  • C
  • B
  • A
  • A
  • B
  • C

Frage 75

Frage
The [blank_start]C[blank_end] horizon formed first.
Antworten
  • C
  • A
  • B

Frage 76

Frage
The [blank_start]A[blank_end] horizon formed second.
Antworten
  • A
  • B
  • C

Frage 77

Frage
The [blank_start]B[blank_end] horizon formed last.
Antworten
  • B
  • A
  • C

Frage 78

Frage
How do scientists classify soil types? Check all that apply.
Antworten
  • Climate
  • Plants
  • Soil Composition
  • Location
  • Color

Frage 79

Frage
What is loam? Choose the best, most accurate answer.
Antworten
  • Gardening soil
  • A mixture of sand, silt, and clay
  • Decomposed animal material
  • Decayed twigs, leaves, and other plant material

Frage 80

Frage
True or False- Biota is the organisms that live in a region that helps speed up soil formation.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 81

Frage
Is steep topography good for soil fertility?
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No
  • There is not enough information to determine this.

Frage 82

Frage
Climate is the general [blank_start]weather[blank_end] in an area.
Antworten
  • weather

Frage 83

Frage
What are 2 ways that climate is measured?
Antworten
  • Temperature and amount of precipitation.
  • Temperature and wind speed
  • Temperature and natural disasters

Frage 84

Frage
What element is humus especially rich in?
Antworten
  • Oxygen
  • Carbon
  • Nitrogen

Frage 85

Frage
What effects do plants' roots have on rock?
Antworten
  • They break it apart
  • They hold it together
  • They cause it to undergo chemical changes
  • They don't have any effect.

Frage 86

Frage
Which of the following best describes the process of weathering and erosion?
Antworten
  • Rapid
  • Gradual
  • Insignificant
  • Instantaneous

Frage 87

Frage
Which plants are usually the first to live in soil?
Antworten
  • Simple plants
  • Trees
  • Flowers

Frage 88

Frage
(Constructive or Destructive?) Weathering is a [blank_start]destructive[blank_end] process. Erosion is a [blank_start]destructive[blank_end] process. Deposition is a [blank_start]constructive[blank_end] process.
Antworten
  • destructive
  • destructive
  • constructive

Frage 89

Frage
What is erosion?
Antworten
  • The removal of weathered material from one location to another.
  • The breaking down of material such as rocks and rock fragments.
  • The laying down or settling of transported material.

Frage 90

Frage
What is deposition?
Antworten
  • The laying down or settling of transported material.
  • The removal of weathered material from one location to another.
  • The breaking down of rocks and rock fragments

Frage 91

Frage
(3 points) A [blank_start]meander[blank_end] is a C-shaped curve in a stream. A [blank_start]loess[blank_end] is a crumbly, windblown deposit of silt and clay. A [blank_start]delta[blank_end] is a large deposit of sediment where a stream enters a large body of water.
Antworten
  • meander
  • loess
  • delta

Frage 92

Frage
(3 points) A [blank_start]V-shaped valley[blank_end] can be caused by the rushing water of a young stream. A [blank_start]dune[blank_end] is a pile of windblown sand. A [blank_start]longshore[blank_end] current flows parallel to the shoreline and erodes beaches.
Antworten
  • V-shaped valley
  • dune
  • longshore

Frage 93

Frage
(3 points) [blank_start]Groundwater[blank_end] can cause erosion and create caves. A [blank_start]sea arch[blank_end] is formed when waves erode less-resistant rocks along the shoreline. A young stream flows rapidly downhill in mountainous areas.
Antworten
  • Groundwater
  • sea arch

Frage 94

Frage
(2 points) An [blank_start]old[blank_end] stream moves slowly when it reaches flat land. A [blank_start]mature[blank_end] stream is a result of water reaching gentler slopes.
Antworten
  • old
  • mature

Frage 95

Frage
[blank_start]Infiltration[blank_end] describes how quickly water flows through soil.
Antworten
  • Infiltration
  • Consistency
  • Fertility

Frage 96

Frage
True or False- Clay-rich soils allow more water to move through than sandy soils.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 97

Frage
What features do land forms that are created by erosion have? Check all that apply.
Antworten
  • Jagged
  • Flat
  • Sea cliffs
  • Wide valleys

Frage 98

Frage
What are beds?
Antworten
  • Sediment deposited in water that forms layers.
  • The floor of a sea or ocean.
  • Layers of soil on dry land.

Frage 99

Frage
Can deposition take place without erosion?
Antworten
  • Yes
  • No
  • There is not enough information to determine this.

Frage 100

Frage
True or False- Weathering, erosion, and deposition form soil.
Antworten
  • True
  • False
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