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Quiz von Lilly Coleman, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Lilly Coleman
vor etwa 4 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
The most common of etiology of aortic stenosis in the U.S. is ____
Antworten
-
bicuspid AS
-
calcific AS of a normal trileaflet valve
-
rheumatic heart disease
-
all of the above
Frage 2
Frage
Aortic stenosis is the most common primary valve disease and is best evaluated with echo.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 3
Frage
Aortic ____ is a thickened aortic valve that still opens well, with a peak velocity < = 2.5 m/s
Antworten
-
congenital AS
-
rheumatic heart disease
-
sclerosis
-
stenosis
Frage 4
Frage
The three most common AS etiologies include ____.
Antworten
-
calcific AS of a trileaflet AOV
-
congenital bicuspid AS with superimposed calcific changes
-
rheumatic AS
-
all of the above
Frage 5
Frage
Bicuspid AS usually becomes symptomatic between the ages of ___.
Antworten
-
< 10 years
-
10 - 20 years
-
20 - 50 years
-
30 - 40 years
Frage 6
Frage
Adults with bicuspid AS usually present with _____ that are reliable predictors of the need for a prosthetic valve, or the risk of heart failure/death.
Antworten
-
aortic caoarctation
-
calcific changes
-
congenital membrane
-
raphe
Frage 7
Frage
___ aortic stenosis originates at the aortic valve cusps and moves out toward the commissures.
Antworten
-
congenital
-
degenerative
-
prosthetic
-
rheumatic
Frage 8
Frage
A 25 year-old has valvular aortic stenosis, what most likely caused it?
Antworten
-
biscuspid aortic vavle
-
coarctation of the aorta
-
congenital membrane across the outflow tract
-
degenerative aortic stenosis
Frage 9
Frage
What type of murmur is associated with aortic stenosis?
Antworten
-
low pitched, diastolic rumble with an opening snap
-
mid-systolic click with/without a systolic murmur
-
murmur that radiates to the axilla
-
systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur
Frage 10
Frage
Serial echocardiograms track changes in the AS patient, to include ____
Antworten
-
AS peak velocity
-
cardiac output
-
pressure half-time
-
RVSP
Frage 11
Frage
The echo report on AS should include details regarding the ____.
Antworten
-
level of obstruction
-
LV size, wall thickness, and EF
-
cusp mobility, thickness, calcification
-
all of the above
Frage 12
Frage
Chest pain and syncope are symptoms of AS
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 13
Frage
___ is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a balloon catheter with a stent-mounted valve crimped on its tip.
Antworten
-
AV repair
-
mini-thoracotomy
-
PMBV
-
TAVR
Frage 14
Frage
The patient is 84 years old and the echo findings include thickened, calcifies AOV cusps, left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular enlargement, decreased left ventricular systolic function, and post stenotic dilatation of the aortic root what is most likely the diagnosis?
Antworten
-
acute aortic regurgitation due to AOV vegatation
-
aortic sclerosis with aortic regurgitation
-
bicuspid aortic stenosis
-
degenerative aortic stenosis
Frage 15
Frage
When is a raphe present?
Antworten
-
biscuspid aortic valve
-
cleft aortic valve
-
degenerative aortic stenosis
-
rheumatic aortic stenosis
Frage 16
Frage
What would you expect to see on the M-mode of a bicuspid aortic valve?
Antworten
-
diastolic doming
-
eccentric closure
-
football shaped opening
-
raphe
Frage 17
Frage
In the echo lab, we use the Bernoulli equation to describe the relationship between pressure and velocity. The simplified Bernoulli equation= ____
Antworten
-
220/ pressure half-time
-
4V
-
4(V)^2
-
(Vlvot)(Alvot)=(Vaov)(Aaov)
Frage 18
Frage
According to the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission (IAC), the non imaging CWD probe (PDEOF) must be utilized in the assessment of AS or suspected AS from multiple locations
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 19
Frage
The aortic valve Doppler waveform is below the baseline from every window
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 20
Frage
The continuity equation assumes that flow through a tube is constant, so if the area decreases, the velocity must also decrease
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 21
Frage
In order to acquire a quick maximum PG, the sonographer can utilize the modified Bernoull'is equation (4V)
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 22
Frage
According to the continuity equation, the aortic valve area AVA= (VTIlvot) (CSAlvot)/ (VTIaov)
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 23
Frage
The aortic valve area by the continuity equations requires _____.
Antworten
-
Dlvot from the 5C
-
VTIaov with CWD or PEDOF
-
VTIlvot with CWD
-
all of the above
Frage 24
Frage
A thickened AOV with a peak velocity > = 2.6 m/s suggests aortic _____; whereas, a thickened AOV with a peak velocity < =2.5 m/s, suggests aortic ____
Antworten
-
sclerosis / stenosis
-
stenosis / sclerosis
Frage 25
Frage
If the LVOT diameter = 2.0cm, V1= 1.0 m/sec and V2= 4.0 m/sec, what is the aortic valve area according to the simplified continuity equation?
Antworten
-
0.39 cm^2
-
0.79 cm^2
-
3.14 cm^2
-
64 mmHG
Frage 26
Frage
With aortic stenosis, multiple doppler windows should be compared, to inlcude the 5C, 3C, suprasternal and left parasternal.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 27
Frage
Aortic stenosis can be over or underestimated by _____
Antworten
-
3 -4 + aortic regurgitation
-
improperly measured LVOT diameter
-
tachycardia
-
all of the above
Frage 28
Frage
Reduced LVEF seriously impacts the AS severity scale and underestimates the AS peak velocity, consider using the AS velocity ration.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 29
Frage
____ would most likely cause chronic aortic regurgitation.
Antworten
-
Aortic dissection
-
Aortic stenosis
-
Left atrial myxoma
-
Trauma
Frage 30
Frage
Severe aortic regurgitation causes a ____
Antworten
-
high-pitched, blowing, diastolic crescendo murmur at the apex
-
high-pitched, blowing, diastolic decrescendo murmur at the left sternal border
-
low-pitched, mid-diastolic rumble at the apex
-
low-pitched, systolic, rumble at the apex
Frage 31
Frage
Echo findings include diastolic flutter of the AMVL & AOV cusps, early closure of the MV, and early opening of the AOV; what is most likely the diagnosis?
Antworten
-
aortic regurgitation
-
aortic stenosis
-
mitral regurgitation
-
mitral stenosis
Frage 32
Frage
Mild aortic regurgitation creates a flatter doppler waveform with a higher pressure half-time.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 33
Frage
Severe aortic regurgitation causes the aorta's pressure to drop quickly, this creates a more rapid left ventricular pressure increase and higher pressure half-time.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 34
Frage
The aortic regurgitation pressure half-time is 300 ms; what is most likely the diagnosis?
Antworten
-
mild to moderate AR
-
moderate AR
-
moderate to severe AR
-
severe AR
Frage 35
Frage
The AR peak velocity is usually 3+ m/s due to the pressure difference between the left ventricle and aorta.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 36
Frage
The heart responds to an increased preload by an increase in:
Antworten
-
systolic pressure
-
diastolic pressure
-
afterload
-
contractility
Frage 37
Frage
How do we find the Cross Sectional Area ( CSA of the LVOT ) for the Continuity equation?
Antworten
-
πr2
-
πrl+ πr2
-
π(D/2)
Frage 38
Frage
Patients with long standing aortic stenosis will usually have:
Antworten
-
LVH
-
LV dilation
-
diastolic aortic flutter
-
mitral ring calcification
Frage 39
Frage
Doppler ultrasound may show retrograde flow velocities within the ascending aorta during diastole in the presence of:
Antworten
-
aortic regurgitation
-
patient ductus arteriosus
-
aorticopulmonary window
-
aorticsubclavian shunts
Frage 40
Frage
Which of the following ausculatatory sounds is most suggestive of a bicuspid aortic valve?
Antworten
-
S4
-
opening snap
-
mid-systolic click
-
systolic ejection click
Frage 41
Frage
Which technique would best allow you to assess the severity of aortic regurgitation?
Antworten
-
pulsed wave doppler
-
continuous wave doppler
-
M-mode echocardiography
-
two-dimensional echocardiography
Frage 42
Frage
A patient with a crescendo/decrescendo systolic murmur and a decreased A2 would probably be sent to the echo lab to evaluate:
Antworten
-
mitral insufficiency
-
tricuspid insufficiency
-
pulmonic stenosis
-
aortic stenosis
Frage 43
Frage
In aortic stenosis the:
Antworten
-
LA diastolic pressure exceeds that of the LV
-
LV systolic pressure exceeds that of the aorta
-
LV diastolic pressure exceeds that of the aorta
-
aortic systolic pressure exceeds that of the LV
Frage 44
Frage
Which 2-D views are best for direct imaging of a discrete subaortic membrane?
Antworten
-
parasternal long and short axis views
-
apical five chamber and apical long axis
-
subcostal long axis and apical four chamber views
-
parasternal long axis and apical two chamber views
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