Test
Echo Path Test V
Preguntas del test (44)
1The most common of etiology of aortic stenosis in the U.S. is ____
- Abicuspid AS
- Bcalcific AS of a normal trileaflet valve
- Crheumatic heart disease
- Dall of the above
2Aortic stenosis is the most common primary valve disease and is best evaluated with echo.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
3Aortic ____ is a thickened aortic valve that still opens well, with a peak velocity < = 2.5 m/s
- Acongenital AS
- Brheumatic heart disease
- Csclerosis
- Dstenosis
4The three most common AS etiologies include ____.
- Acalcific AS of a trileaflet AOV
- Bcongenital bicuspid AS with superimposed calcific changes
- Crheumatic AS
- Dall of the above
5Bicuspid AS usually becomes symptomatic between the ages of ___.
- A< 10 years
- B10 - 20 years
- C20 - 50 years
- D30 - 40 years
6Adults with bicuspid AS usually present with _____ that are reliable predictors of the need for a prosthetic valve, or the risk of heart failure/death.
- Aaortic caoarctation
- Bcalcific changes
- Ccongenital membrane
- Draphe
7___ aortic stenosis originates at the aortic valve cusps and moves out toward the commissures.
- Acongenital
- Bdegenerative
- Cprosthetic
- Drheumatic
8A 25 year-old has valvular aortic stenosis, what most likely caused it?
- Abiscuspid aortic vavle
- Bcoarctation of the aorta
- Ccongenital membrane across the outflow tract
- Ddegenerative aortic stenosis
9What type of murmur is associated with aortic stenosis?
- Alow pitched, diastolic rumble with an opening snap
- Bmid-systolic click with/without a systolic murmur
- Cmurmur that radiates to the axilla
- Dsystolic crescendo decrescendo murmur
10Serial echocardiograms track changes in the AS patient, to include ____
- AAS peak velocity
- Bcardiac output
- Cpressure half-time
- DRVSP
11The echo report on AS should include details regarding the ____.
- Alevel of obstruction
- BLV size, wall thickness, and EF
- Ccusp mobility, thickness, calcification
- Dall of the above
12Chest pain and syncope are symptoms of AS
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
13___ is a minimally invasive procedure that uses a balloon catheter with a stent-mounted valve crimped on its tip.
- AAV repair
- Bmini-thoracotomy
- CPMBV
- DTAVR
14The patient is 84 years old and the echo findings include thickened, calcifies AOV cusps, left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular enlargement, decreased left ventricular systolic function, and post stenotic dilatation of the aortic root what is most likely the diagnosis?
- Aacute aortic regurgitation due to AOV vegatation
- Baortic sclerosis with aortic regurgitation
- Cbicuspid aortic stenosis
- Ddegenerative aortic stenosis
15When is a raphe present?
- Abiscuspid aortic valve
- Bcleft aortic valve
- Cdegenerative aortic stenosis
- Drheumatic aortic stenosis
16What would you expect to see on the M-mode of a bicuspid aortic valve?
- Adiastolic doming
- Beccentric closure
- Cfootball shaped opening
- Draphe
17In the echo lab, we use the Bernoulli equation to describe the relationship between pressure and velocity. The simplified Bernoulli equation= ____
- A220/ pressure half-time
- B4V
- C4(V)^2
- D(Vlvot)(Alvot)=(Vaov)(Aaov)
18According to the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission (IAC), the non imaging CWD probe (PDEOF) must be utilized in the assessment of AS or suspected AS from multiple locations
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
19The aortic valve Doppler waveform is below the baseline from every window
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
20The continuity equation assumes that flow through a tube is constant, so if the area decreases, the velocity must also decrease
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
21In order to acquire a quick maximum PG, the sonographer can utilize the modified Bernoull'is equation (4V)
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
22According to the continuity equation, the aortic valve area AVA= (VTIlvot) (CSAlvot)/ (VTIaov)
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
23The aortic valve area by the continuity equations requires _____.
- ADlvot from the 5C
- BVTIaov with CWD or PEDOF
- CVTIlvot with CWD
- Dall of the above
24A thickened AOV with a peak velocity > = 2.6 m/s suggests aortic _____; whereas, a thickened AOV with a peak velocity < =2.5 m/s, suggests aortic ____
- Asclerosis / stenosis
- Bstenosis / sclerosis
25If the LVOT diameter = 2.0cm, V1= 1.0 m/sec and V2= 4.0 m/sec, what is the aortic valve area according to the simplified continuity equation?
- A0.39 cm^2
- B0.79 cm^2
- C3.14 cm^2
- D64 mmHG
26With aortic stenosis, multiple doppler windows should be compared, to inlcude the 5C, 3C, suprasternal and left parasternal.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
27Aortic stenosis can be over or underestimated by _____
- A3 -4 + aortic regurgitation
- Bimproperly measured LVOT diameter
- Ctachycardia
- Dall of the above
28Reduced LVEF seriously impacts the AS severity scale and underestimates the AS peak velocity, consider using the AS velocity ration.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
29____ would most likely cause chronic aortic regurgitation.
- AAortic dissection
- BAortic stenosis
- CLeft atrial myxoma
- DTrauma
30Severe aortic regurgitation causes a ____
- Ahigh-pitched, blowing, diastolic crescendo murmur at the apex
- Bhigh-pitched, blowing, diastolic decrescendo murmur at the left sternal border
- Clow-pitched, mid-diastolic rumble at the apex
- Dlow-pitched, systolic, rumble at the apex
31Echo findings include diastolic flutter of the AMVL & AOV cusps, early closure of the MV, and early opening of the AOV; what is most likely the diagnosis?
- Aaortic regurgitation
- Baortic stenosis
- Cmitral regurgitation
- Dmitral stenosis
32Mild aortic regurgitation creates a flatter doppler waveform with a higher pressure half-time.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
33Severe aortic regurgitation causes the aorta's pressure to drop quickly, this creates a more rapid left ventricular pressure increase and higher pressure half-time.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
34The aortic regurgitation pressure half-time is 300 ms; what is most likely the diagnosis?
- Amild to moderate AR
- Bmoderate AR
- Cmoderate to severe AR
- Dsevere AR
35The AR peak velocity is usually 3+ m/s due to the pressure difference between the left ventricle and aorta.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
36The heart responds to an increased preload by an increase in:
- Asystolic pressure
- Bdiastolic pressure
- Cafterload
- Dcontractility
37How do we find the Cross Sectional Area ( CSA of the LVOT ) for the Continuity equation?
- Aπr2
- Bπrl+ πr2
- Cπ(D/2)
38Patients with long standing aortic stenosis will usually have:
- ALVH
- BLV dilation
- Cdiastolic aortic flutter
- Dmitral ring calcification
39Doppler ultrasound may show retrograde flow velocities within the ascending aorta during diastole in the presence of:
- Aaortic regurgitation
- Bpatient ductus arteriosus
- Caorticopulmonary window
- Daorticsubclavian shunts
40Which of the following ausculatatory sounds is most suggestive of a bicuspid aortic valve?
- AS4
- Bopening snap
- Cmid-systolic click
- Dsystolic ejection click
41Which technique would best allow you to assess the severity of aortic regurgitation?
- Apulsed wave doppler
- Bcontinuous wave doppler
- CM-mode echocardiography
- Dtwo-dimensional echocardiography
42A patient with a crescendo/decrescendo systolic murmur and a decreased A2 would probably be sent to the echo lab to evaluate:
- Amitral insufficiency
- Btricuspid insufficiency
- Cpulmonic stenosis
- Daortic stenosis
43In aortic stenosis the:
- ALA diastolic pressure exceeds that of the LV
- BLV systolic pressure exceeds that of the aorta
- CLV diastolic pressure exceeds that of the aorta
- Daortic systolic pressure exceeds that of the LV
44Which 2-D views are best for direct imaging of a discrete subaortic membrane?
- Aparasternal long and short axis views
- Bapical five chamber and apical long axis
- Csubcostal long axis and apical four chamber views
- Dparasternal long axis and apical two chamber views
Información
- Descripción
- Aortic Valve
- Autor
- Lilly Coleman
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 130
- Etiquetas
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test