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NMS Semester 2 Set 5 Quiz - The brain and control of movement 1+2

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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage 1

Frage
The spinal cord contains CPG's that can produce locomotor patterns without descending influence.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 2

Frage
What are the three brain centres that can be imposed on SC circuitry?
Antworten
  • Motor cortex
  • Visual cortex
  • Cerebellum
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Parietal cortex

Frage 3

Frage
Lateral pathways are associated with control of?
Antworten
  • Distal flexor muscles
  • Proximal/axial extensors to control posture

Frage 4

Frage
Ventromedial pathways control what?
Antworten
  • Distal flexor muscles
  • Proximal/axial extensors to control posture

Frage 5

Frage
Ventromedial pathways are under control of the brainstem, whereas lateral pathways execute voluntary actions.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 6

Frage
Name the lateral motor pathways
Antworten
  • Corticospinal
  • Rubrospinal
  • Reticulospinal
  • Tectospinal
  • Vestibulospinal

Frage 7

Frage
Name the ventromedial motor pathways
Antworten
  • Rubrospinal
  • Corticospinal
  • Reticulospinal
  • Vestibulospinal
  • Tectospinal

Frage 8

Frage
Where does the vestibulospinal tract run from and what is its function?
Antworten
  • Vestibular nucleus to the spinal cord
  • Solitary nucleus to the spinal cord
  • It relays gravitational sensory information from CN VIII and co-ordinates postural responses such as the balance of the head and neck
  • It relays gravitational sensory information from CN X and co-ordinates postural responses such as the balance of the head and neck

Frage 9

Frage
Where does the tectospinal tract run from and what is its function?
Antworten
  • Vestibular nucleus to the spinal cord
  • Superior colliculus to the spinal cord
  • It relays visual information from the visual cortex and retina and orientates the head and eyes
  • It relays gravitational sensory information from CN VIII and co-ordinates postural responses such as the balance of the head and neck

Frage 10

Frage
The reticulospinal tract originates from the reticular formation.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 11

Frage
The pontine reticulospinal tract modulates voluntary override of the medullary reticulospinal tract.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 12

Frage
The pontine reticulospinal tract modulates posture via leg extensors.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 13

Frage
The motor cortex is the only brain centre required for co-ordinated movement.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 14

Frage
What is the function of the supplementary motor area (SMA)?
Antworten
  • Planning and initiation of the final action to be taken
  • Bimanual coordination
  • Control of movement sequencing
  • Control of the distal musculature

Frage 15

Frage
What is the function of the pre-motor cortex?
Antworten
  • Planning and initiation of the final action to be taken
  • Bimanual coordination
  • Control of movement sequencing
  • Control of the distal musculature

Frage 16

Frage
What is the function of the primary motor cortex?
Antworten
  • Planning and initiation of the final action to be taken
  • Bimanual coordination
  • Control of movement sequencing
  • Control of the distal musculature

Frage 17

Frage
The motor homunculus (the somatotopic arrangement) is evenly distributed for all areas of the body.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 18

Frage
The SMA, Pre-motor cortex and Primary motor cortex contribute what percentage of motor fibres to the corticospinal tract?
Antworten
  • 50%
  • 25%
  • 40%
  • 70%

Frage 19

Frage
Corticospinal tract fibres innervate small groups of muscle instead of single muscles and encode the force and direction of movement.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 20

Frage
Stroke/tumours may damage UMN, what can this lead to?
Antworten
  • Hypertonia
  • Hypotonia
  • Hyperreflexia
  • Hyporeflexia

Frage 21

Frage
UMN damage will affect the side of the body contralateral to the damage. This means UMN damage will affect the same side that the damage occurs.
Antworten
  • True
  • False

Frage 22

Frage
What is the output of the spino-cerebellum pathway?
Antworten
  • Reticular nucleus
  • Red nucleus
  • Vestibular nucleus
  • Pre-motor cortex

Frage 23

Frage
What is the output of the cerebro-cerebellum pathway?
Antworten
  • Pre-motor cortex
  • Vestibular nucleus
  • Red nucleus
  • Reticular nucleus

Frage 24

Frage
What is the output of the vestibulo-cerebellum pathway?
Antworten
  • Vestibular nucleus
  • Red nucleus
  • Reticular nucleus
  • Pre-motor cortex

Frage 25

Frage
What does the spino-cerebellum tract help to control?
Antworten
  • Axial musculature and posture
  • Sends compensatory signals to the primary motor cortex
  • Control over posture, balance and eye movement.

Frage 26

Frage
What does the cerebro-cerebellum tract help to control?
Antworten
  • Axial musculature and posture
  • Sends compensatory signals to the primary motor cortex
  • Control over posture, balance and eye movement.

Frage 27

Frage
What does the vestibulo-cerebellum tract help to control?
Antworten
  • Control over posture, balance and eye movement.
  • Sends compensatory signals to the primary motor cortex
  • Axial musculature and posture

Frage 28

Frage
Damage to the spino-cerebellum pathway could lead to what?
Antworten
  • Hypotonia, Ataxia, Dysmetria
  • Asynergy, Ataxia, Dysarthia
  • Slow saccade impairment, nystagmus

Frage 29

Frage
Damage to the cerebro-cerebellum pathway could lead to what?
Antworten
  • Asynergy, Ataxia, Dysarthia
  • Hypotonia, Ataxia, Dysmetria
  • Slow saccades, nystagmus

Frage 30

Frage
Damage to the vestibulo-cerebellum pathway could lead to what?
Antworten
  • Slow saccades, nystagmus
  • Asynergy, Ataxia, Dysarthia
  • Hypotonia, Ataxia, Dysmetria

Frage 31

Frage
The vestibulo-ocular reflex is performed by the vestibulo-cerebellum pathway and samples visual disparities. It then provides a correction signal to do what?
Antworten
  • Keep an observed image on the retina as the head moves via oculomotor muscles
  • Make sure the oculomotor muscles contract to a proper extent
  • Turn the eyes in the same direction as head movement

Frage 32

Frage
The function of the cerebellum overall is to act as...?
Antworten
  • A sampler - compare inputs and make necessary changes
  • A timer - coordinating smooth movements
  • A predictor - executing movements from learnt behaviour
  • To modulate posture

Frage 33

Frage
Name 1. on the cortico-basalgangliga-cortical loop.
Image:
d46a0554-f02f-444e-b294-4fd014ecc0f9 (image/png)
Antworten
  • Stratium
  • Globus Pallidus external
  • Sub thalamic nucleus
  • Cortex

Frage 34

Frage
Name 2. on the cortico-basalgangliga-cortical loop.
Image:
6d27ad24-6e53-4171-a383-e3baab246b92 (image/png)
Antworten
  • Stratium
  • Globus Pallidus external
  • Sub thalamic nucleus
  • Cortex

Frage 35

Frage
Name 3. on the cortico-basalgangliga-cortical loop.
Image:
2c52ce1e-37ef-462f-b83b-e7dc92f1140d (image/png)
Antworten
  • Stratium
  • Globus Pallidus external
  • Sub thalamic nucleus
  • Cortex

Frage 36

Frage
Name 4. on the cortico-basalgangliga-cortical loop.
Image:
943fdc91-9594-42bf-82f2-e8a0479d04d4 (image/png)
Antworten
  • Cortex
  • Striatum
  • Globus Pallidus external
  • Sub thalamic nucleus

Frage 37

Frage
Name the hypokinetic disorder
Antworten
  • Parkinsons
  • Huntingtons

Frage 38

Frage
Name the hyperkinetic disorder
Antworten
  • Parkinsons
  • Huntingtons

Frage 39

Frage
In parkinsons, the death of SNc dopaminergic neurons has what effect on cortex feedback?
Antworten
  • Decreased stimulation of the striatium leads to less inhibitory drive and therefore higher excitatory drive from the sub-thalamic nucleus, leading to excessive stimulation of an inhibitory signal to the thalamus and thus excitatory signals back to the cortex are reduced. (hypokineticism)
  • Decreased stimulation of the striatium leads to less inhibitory drive and therefore higher excitatory drive from the sub-thalamic nucleus, leading to excessive stimulation of an inhibitory signal to the thalamus and thus excitatory signals back to the cortex are increased. (hyperkineticism)

Frage 40

Frage
In huntingtons, the lack of an inhibitory striatum signal to the GPe leads to what?
Antworten
  • Lack of an inhibitory signal to the GPe means that the GPe sends out excess inhibitory signals to the STN. The STN is therefore inhibited and sends out fewer excitatory signals to the SNr/GPi. This in turn causes fewer inhibitory signals to the thalamus and therefore excitatory signals from the thalamus to the cortex increase.
  • Lack of an excitatory signal to the GPe means that the GPe sends out excess inhibitory signals to the STN. The STN is therefore inhibited and sends out fewer excitatory signals to the SNr/GPi. This in turn causes fewer inhibitory signals to the thalamus and therefore excitatory signals from the thalamus to the cortex increase.

Frage 41

Frage
What are the symptoms of parkinsons?
Antworten
  • Tremor
  • Akinesia
  • Bradykinesia
  • Excessive movement
  • Rapid motor patterns

Frage 42

Frage
What are the symptoms of huntingtons?
Antworten
  • Tremor
  • Akinesia
  • Bradykinesia
  • Excessive movement
  • Rapid motor patterns

Frage 43

Frage
What is ataxia and is it usually associated with basal ganglia or cerebellar dysfunction?
Antworten
  • Basal ganglia
  • Cerebellar dysfunction
  • Slow movement
  • Lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements

Frage 44

Frage
Basal ganglia disorders such as Parkinson's have symptoms such as an intention tremor.
Antworten
  • True
  • False
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