2937843
Frage 1
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A physical cycle is the reversible changes in non-living aspects
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 2
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A biogeochemical cycle refers to geology
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 3
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Identify examples of physical cycles in Earth Systems (2 answers)
Antworten
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Reproduction
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Rock cycle (atoms being rearranged in rocks)
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Supercontinental cycle (plate tectonic movement)
Frage 4
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Identify examples of biogeochemical cycles (2 answers)
Antworten
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Carbon cycle (regulating climate)
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Hydrological cycle (water cycle)
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Rock cycle (rearrangement of atoms)
Frage 5
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What are the four principal Earth Systems? (4 answers)
Antworten
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Atmosphere, Biosphere, Geosphere, Hydrosphere
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Biosphere, Geologicalsphere, Chemsphere, Hydrosphere
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Photosphere, Transphere, Atmosphere, Geosphere
Frage 6
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What are examples of short-time scales? (2 answers)
Antworten
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Global warming
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Deforestation
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Climate change
Frage 7
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What are examples of long-time scales? (2 answers)
Antworten
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Population growth
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Climate change
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Mass extinction
Frage 8
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How can changes vary? (3 answers)
Antworten
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Type of change
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Frequency (how often it occurs)
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Underlying cause
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Level of importance/devastation
Frage 9
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A mineral is a rock
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 10
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Most rocks are composed of more than one type of mineral
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 11
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What defines a mineral? (6 answers)
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Naturally occuring
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Solid
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Crystalline (an ordered crystalline structure based on atomic patterns also known as 'crystal lattice')
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Orderly arrangement of atoms
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Usually inorganic
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Only found in volcanoes
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Contain carbon-hydrogen bonds
Frage 12
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How is a mineral tested for identification? (9 answers)
Antworten
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Colour
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Streak
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Lustre
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Hardness
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Specific gravity (density)
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Crystal habit/form
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Cleavage/fracture
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Magnetism
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Taste/touch
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State of matter (liquid, gas, solid)
Frage 13
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Colour is a reliable source of identification
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 14
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Mafic rocks contain dark-coloured minerals.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 15
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Felsic rocks contain light-coloured minerals.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 16
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The Mohs Hardness Scale is used for rocks only.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 17
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Identify the ideal shape (morphology) of crystal habit in minerals. (8 answers)
Antworten
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Cube
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Octahedra
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Blade
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Hexagonal Prism
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Dodecahedra
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Compound Form
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Rhombahedra
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Tetragonal Prism
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Irregular
Frage 18
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What are the types of cleavage? (4 answers)
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Planar (basal) - 1 direction
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Prismatic - 2 directions at 90 degrees
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Cubic - 3 directions all at 90 degrees
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Orthorhombic - 3 directions not at 90 degrees
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Isosceles - 2 directions at 60 degrees
Frage 19
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The Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals (a type of salt made up of silicon and oxygen)
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 20
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Plate tectonics do not predict earth's behaviour.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 21
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Seismology is the study of earthquakes.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 22
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What do earthquakes do?
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Generate energy waves
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Directly kill people
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Open up and swallow people
Frage 23
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There are three main layers of earth (crust, mantle, core)
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 24
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The further you explore earth, the thinner the layering and the lower the density (pressure).
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 25
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What are the elements in the crust? (8 answers)
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Si (Silicon)
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O (Oxygen)
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Al (Aluminium)
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Fe (Iron)
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Ca (Calcium)
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Na (Sodium)
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K (Potassium)
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Mg (Magnesium)
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Cu (Copper)
Frage 26
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Continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 27
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Continental crust is more dense than oceanic crust
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 28
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Continental crust is mafic and oceanic crust is felsic
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 29
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The 'Moho' is the crust-mantle boundary
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 30
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The mantle is made up of solid rock (ultramafic peridotite)
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 31
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The mantle flows like a river of lava.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 32
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What minerals does the core comprise of? (4 answers)
Antworten
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Fe (Iron)
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Ni (Nickel)
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Pt (Platinum)
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Au (Gold)
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Ag (Silver)
Frage 33
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The innermost part of the core is liquid.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 34
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The flow in the outer core generates the earth's magnetic field.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 35
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The Asthenosphere flows like softened wax (caramel).
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 36
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The Lithosphere is below the Asthenosphere.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 37
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What are the types of plate boundaries? (3 answers)
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Divergent
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Convergent
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Transform
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Arctangent
Frage 38
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What is the cause of divergent plate boundaries?
Antworten
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Sea-floor spreading
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Balanced sea-floor spreading
Frage 39
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In a transform plate boundary, plate boundaries are created and destroyed.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 40
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Active volcanoes create seamounts (hotspots)
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 41
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The oceanic crust is formed at divergent boundaries.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 42
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Weathering is the same as erosion.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 43
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Identify an example of physical weathering:
Antworten
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Root wedging
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Oxidation
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Chemical reaction
Frage 44
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Identify an example of chemical weathering:
Antworten
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Hydrolysis
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Jointing
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Animal/Human activity
Frage 45
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The fastest weathering minerals are Halite, Calcite, and Olivine.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 46
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The slowest weathering minerals are Hermatite, Gibbsite, and Quartz.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 47
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The corners of a rock weather the slowest.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 48
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Over time, rocks will form roughly spherical shapes from harsh weathering.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 49
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What are the causes of erosion? (5 answers)
Antworten
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Wind
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Running water, waves
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Ice (glaciers)
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Living organisms
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Gravity
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Magnetism
Frage 50
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How are rocks held together? (2 answers)
Antworten
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Clastic (cement)
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Crystalline (interlocking grains)
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Glue
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Gravity
Frage 51
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What are the major rock groups? (3 answers)
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Igneous
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Sedimentary
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Metamorphic
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Crystalline
Frage 52
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What are examples of an igneous rock? (2 answers)
Antworten
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Granite
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Basalt
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Pebble
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Lava
Frage 53
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What are examples of sedimentary rocks?
Antworten
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Sandstone
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Limestone
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Slate
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Magma
Frage 54
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What are examples of metamorphic rocks?
Antworten
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Marble
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Slate
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Gabbro
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Glass
Frage 55
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How can rocks be identified? (5 answers)
Antworten
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Grain size
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Shape (morphology)
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Mineralogy and composition
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Texture
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Layering
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Colour
Frage 56
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Magma can be any state of matter (solid, liquid, or gas)
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 57
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Magmas vary chemically due to: (4 answers)
Antworten
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Initial source rock compositions
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Partial melting
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Assimilation and mixing
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Fractional composition
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Climate
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Type and location of volcano
Frage 58
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Bowen's Reaction Series refers to a graph that will identify what type of volcanic rocks will melt at what specific temperature.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 59
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A xenolithe is a foreign rock.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 60
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Metamorphic rocks do not hold any economic value.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 61
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New minerals are grown in metamorphic rock.
Antworten
- True
- False
Frage 62
Frage
What are the sedimentary rock classes? (4 answers)
Antworten
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Clastic/detrital
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Organic
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Geochemical
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Inorganic
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Biochemical
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Chemical
Frage 63
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Granule is the smallest size of rock.
Antworten
- True
- False
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