Pod Med 1 quiz

Which of the following ligaments does NOT assist in securing the STJ?

What is the average STJ joint ROM?

Which of the following is not a ligament of the MTJ?

What is the orientation of the Oblique axis of the MTJ?

How does MTJ ROM change with changes in rearfoot position?

What is the orientation of the Longitudinal axis of the MTJ

Forefoot Varus (FFVR) is defined as; The Forefoot inverts with regards to the Rearfoot when the Subtalar joint is in neutral & the Mid tarsal joint is maximally pronated around both axes?

Forefoot Valgus (FFVL) is defined as: The forefoot everts with regards to the rearfoot when Subtalar joint is in neutral and the Mid tarsal joint is maximally pronated around both axes

Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of an acquired Plantarflexed first ray?

The following are abnormal variations of the 1st ray: Metatarsus primus elevatus, Flexible plantarflexed 1st metatarsal, Rigid plantarflexed 1st ray.

The incidence of the most common variant of the 1st ray is Acquired by 20% of the population.

An Acquired Plantar flexed First ray usually has equal amounts of DF/PF (From resting position) and normal ROM

The following describes a clinical signs of a flexible Plantar flexed first ray: - Medium to high MLA (Lowers on WB) - Callus PMA 1-2 - Intermetatarsal bursitis/neuritis - Dorsomedial 'bunion' - Exostosis 1st met-cuneiform - Sesamoid injury - Plantar Fasciitis

The following describes the position of each joint when the foot is in the neutral position: Ankle: 90 o to leg (Distal 1/3 of leg is vertical) STJ: the calcaneus is perpendicular to the ground, and parallel to the distal 1/3 of the leg. MTJ: The midtarsal joint is locked in its’ maximum position of pronation, and therefore the forefoot is locked against the rearfoot. The plantar forefoot plane parallels the rearfoot plane. 1st ray: The 1st metatarsal head moves above and below the level of the 2nd metatarsal head and the same distance when the subtalar joint is in neutral and the MTJ is fully pronated.

Which author describes the different modes of compensation for Forefoot varus and the affects of this on the Rearfoot as: • Comp. FFVR- if FFVR<=3deg, STJ pronates same amount. - If FFVR>3 deg STJ pronates to end ROM as body weight now falls medial to the STJ axis • Partial comp: FFVR- deg of FFVR is greater than available STJ eversion, STJ pronates end ROM, 1st ray may PF or OA MTJ may pronate or LA MTJ may pronate to give 2-5 degrees compensation • Uncomp- RF has no eversion beyond vertical remaining, - as above

Compensation for Forefoot varus occurs primarily at which joint?

A fully compensated Forefoot varus requires the _______________ to pronate during midstance?

Which of the following is NOT a sign of compensated forefoot varus?

The definition and aetiology of forefoot valgus is: The forefoot everts with respect to the rearfoot with Subtalar joint neutral & Mid tarsal joint axes maximally pronated.

Which two Sub-phases of the stance phase are termed 'Propulsive'?

Which of the following is NOT a termporospatial parameter?

Loading response is defined as: Heel strike to opposite toe off, 10% of the gait cycle or 80% stance phase

Which muscle is considered by far the strongest supinator of the Sub talar Joint?

Midstance is defined as: From opposite toe off to heel lift of the supporting foot. 20% of gait cycle or 30% of stance.

Rearfoot Valgus is defined as an everted position of the calcaneus relative to the ground in NCSP

What is the prevalence of Pes Cavus according to Burns 2005?

Which of the following biomechanical features does NOT describe Pes Cavus?

Which of the following muscle combinations leads to diminished ground contact of the lateral forefoot, placing the peroneals at a disadvantage, less able to pronate the Mid tarsal joint at the Oblique axis and allow the supinators to function unopposed?

A [blank_start]high[blank_end] STJ axis is classed as more than 42 degrees from the transverse plane. It allows less [blank_start]Inversion/Eversion[blank_end] and more [blank_start]Abduction/Adduction[blank_end].

SIgns on a a lateral radiograph of a Pes Cavus foot type should include: [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] calcaneal inclination angle (>30 degrees) and [blank_start]increased[blank_end] metatarsal declination angle ([blank_start]25-35[blank_end] degrees)

A rigid Pes Planus foot type is described as having a lower arch during weight baring and non weight baring, decreased or absence of STJ and mid foot ROM, symptomatic or asymptomatic, and usually has an underlying primary pathology.

What is the most common tarsal coalition?

Incidence of Flexible pes planus include: 15% simple flatfoot, 6% equinus, 2% tarsal coalition

Clinical features of Flexible Pes planus include: - Calcaneal [blank_start]eversion[blank_end] - Bowing of Achilles tendon - [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] curvature observed under the lateral malleoli - Forefoot abduction (Too many toes sign) - Medial column/MLA collapse - Medial talo-navicular bulge

Wheeless' textbook of orthopaedics states that adult flatfoot may occur in [blank_start]20[blank_end]% of adults, most of which are flexible.

What are the three main types of ulcers in the lower limb? 1. Venous 2. Arterial 3. [blank_start]Neuropathic[blank_end]

The following factors contribute/influence impaired healing of ulceration: Tissue trauma, autoimmune diseases, Vascular disease, Sensory loss, malignancy, Haematological disease, Infection and drug therapies.

Which of the following is not one of the phases in the process of wound healing?

During the epithelialisation phase of wound healing, the migration proceeds much slower in a moist environment than in a dry wound.

Based on the university of texas wound classification system, '3A' describes which of the following:

The Wagners grading system classifies ulcers by depth.

Tollafield & Merriman describe one of their ideal wound dressing characteristics as ' Draws exudate away from the wound surface, but does not allow drying of the wound surface'.

The following clinical presentations would best relate to which condition? • Collagen disorders • Easy bruising/ scars • Over-use syndromes present with greater intensity • Joint and soft tissue pain • Dislocation of joints • Link with fibromyalgia in chronic cases

Without insulin the body produces a toxic by product from the burning of fats; this state is called

In the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of chronic venous disease of the lower limbs, the 'CEAP' classification stands for. C = [blank_start]Clinical[blank_end] E = Etiology A = [blank_start]Anatomical site[blank_end] P = Pathophysiology

A classic site for venous ulceration to occur is above the lateral malleolus around the area of perforators.

In regards to compression therapy, if you were treating lymphatic oedema, you would use a class 4 of 40-50mmHg compression.

Tinea pedis between the toes may produce a portal of entry for bacteria causing cellulitis

Stemmer's sign describes Lipoedema as a positive result, whereby pinching the skin on the upper surface of the toes results in only grasping a lump of tissue.Whereas, Lymphedema generally produces a negative result, which describes being able to grasp a thin fold of tissue.

The five developmental stages of diabetic neuropathic ulceration include: 1. Build up of hardened keratin over bony prominence 2. Sub-dermal tissue break down 3. Sub-dermal blister breaks surface of skin 4. Dermal ulceration 5. Infection of tendon and bone

Based on the traffic light system of risk stratification: [blank_start]Low risk[blank_end]: People with no risk factors and no previous history of foot ulceration/amputation [blank_start]Intermediate risk[blank_end]: People with one risk factor (Neuropathy,PAD, or foot deformity) and no previous history of ulcer/amputation [blank_start]High risk[blank_end]: People with 2 or more risk factors (neuropathy, PAD, or foot deformity) and/or previous history of foot ulceration/amputation.

Decreased Posterior Tibialis strength or weakness could be the cause of:

In standard 'off the shelf' shoes the last shapes are: - Curved - [blank_start]Semi curved[blank_end] - Straight

A haemostatic agent is one that:

A rubefacient is a medicament which produces a mild local inflammation when applied to the skin.

Anhydrotics are preparations that increase the flow of sweat

The compound benzoin tincture is made up of: 10% benzoin, 7.5% storax, 2.5% tolu balsam, 2% aloes, alcohol to 100%

Amorolfine is the active ingredient found in which topical antifungal agent?

Hallux Limitus is described as painful limitation of 1st MPJ motion with no other deformity.

The Manchester scale is used to grade the severity of hallux valgus. It is based of standardised photographs and is reliable and valid compared to x-rays. What would a grade of 2 represent?

The grading severity can also be classified into four stages, depending on the progression of pathology. What stage best describes 'Abduction of hallux which presses against toe'?

If a patient presents with hallux valgus and describes their type of pain as 'Numbness, tingling, and sharp' what could be the cause of this?

The medial tubercle of the calcaneal tuberosity is an attachment site for the Flexor digitorum brevis, Abductor hallucis, Quadratus plantae and Plantar Fascia.

The baxter's nerve is also known as the:

The windlass mechanism describes tension in the plantar fascia as increased with overpronation/pes planus.

Paratenonitis can be described as:

The following are areas commonly affected by Bursitis: Retrocalcaneal, 1st and 5th MPJ, Submetatarsal, Plantar Calcaneal area.

The reflex grading system is used in motor function assessment. Please fill in the blanks: [blank_start]0 = Absent[blank_end] 1 = Normal [blank_start]2 = Increased[blank_end] 3 = Clonus

The Insertion of the extensor hallucis longus is at the:

What is the origin of the Abductor Hallucis?