Test
Pod Med 1 quiz
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Preguntas del test (70)
1Which of the following ligaments does NOT assist in securing the STJ?
- AInterosseous ligament
- BBifurcate ligament
- CLateral talocalcaneal ligament
- DPosterior talocalcaneal ligament
2What is the average STJ joint ROM?
- A30 degrees
- B35 degrees
- C40 degrees
- D45 degrees
3Which of the following is not a ligament of the MTJ?
- APlantar calcaneonavicular ligament
- BBifurcate ligaments
- CLong and short plantar ligaments
- DCalcaneofibular ligament
4What is the orientation of the Oblique axis of the MTJ?
- A57 degrees to the Sagittal plane, 52 degrees to the transverse plane
- B15 degrees to the Transverse plane, 9 degrees from the Sagittal plane
- C52 degrees to the Sagittal plane, 57 degrees to the transverse plane
- D9 degrees to the transverse plane, 15 degrees from the sagittal plane
5How does MTJ ROM change with changes in rearfoot position?
- AIt decreases with STJ pronation & Increases with STJ supination
- BIt increases with STJ pronation & decreases with STJ supination
- CMTJ ROM doesn't change with respect to changes in rearfoot position
6What is the orientation of the Longitudinal axis of the MTJ
- A9 degrees to the transverse plane, 15 degrees from the sagittal plane
- B57 degrees to the sagittal plane, 52 degrees to the transverse plane
- C15 Degrees to the Transverse plane, 9 degrees from the sagittal plane
- D52 degrees to the sagittal plane, 57 degrees to the transverse plane
7 Forefoot Varus (FFVR) is defined as; The Forefoot inverts with regards to the Rearfoot when the Subtalar joint is in neutral & the Mid tarsal joint is maximally pronated around both axes?
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
8Forefoot Valgus (FFVL) is defined as: The forefoot everts with regards to the rearfoot when Subtalar joint is in neutral and the Mid tarsal joint is maximally pronated around both axes
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
9Which of the following is NOT a potential cause of an acquired Plantarflexed first ray?
- AMuscle Imbalance
- BNeuromuscular disorders
- CMay result from uncompensated FFVR
- DIncorrect footwear worn for long periods of time.
10The following are abnormal variations of the 1st ray: Metatarsus primus elevatus, Flexible plantarflexed 1st metatarsal, Rigid plantarflexed 1st ray.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
11The incidence of the most common variant of the 1st ray is Acquired by 20% of the population.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
12An Acquired Plantar flexed First ray usually has equal amounts of DF/PF (From resting position) and normal ROM
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
13The following describes a clinical signs of a flexible Plantar flexed first ray:
- Medium to high MLA (Lowers on WB)
- Callus PMA 1-2
- Intermetatarsal bursitis/neuritis
- Dorsomedial 'bunion'
- Exostosis 1st met-cuneiform
- Sesamoid injury
- Plantar Fasciitis- AVerdadero
- BFalso
14The following describes the position of each joint when the foot is in the neutral position:
Ankle: 90 o to leg (Distal 1/3 of leg is vertical)
STJ: the calcaneus is perpendicular to the ground, and parallel to the distal 1/3 of the leg.
MTJ: The midtarsal joint is locked in its’ maximum position of pronation, and therefore the forefoot is locked against the rearfoot. The plantar forefoot plane parallels the rearfoot plane.
1st ray: The 1st metatarsal head moves above and below the level of the 2nd metatarsal head and the same distance when the subtalar joint is in neutral and the MTJ is fully pronated.- AVerdadero
- BFalso
15Which author describes the different modes of compensation for Forefoot varus and the affects of this on the Rearfoot as:
• Comp. FFVR- if FFVR<=3deg, STJ pronates same amount.
- If FFVR>3 deg STJ pronates to end ROM as body weight now falls medial to the STJ axis
• Partial comp: FFVR- deg of FFVR is greater than available STJ eversion, STJ pronates end ROM, 1st ray may PF or OA MTJ may pronate or LA MTJ may pronate to give 2-5 degrees compensation
• Uncomp- RF has no eversion beyond vertical remaining, - as above- ABowden
- BValmassy
- CPickard
- DRoot
16Compensation for Forefoot varus occurs primarily at which joint?
- AMid tarsal joint
- BCalcaneonavicular joint
- CSub talar joint
- DAnkle joint
17A fully compensated Forefoot varus requires the _______________ to pronate during midstance?
- AMTJ
- BSTJ
- CCalcaneus
- DTalus
18Which of the following is NOT a sign of compensated forefoot varus?
- ALow arch
- BTalar bulge
- CCovexity of lateral malleolus
- DAbducted forefoot
- EEverted heel
19The definition and aetiology of forefoot valgus is: The forefoot everts with respect to the rearfoot with Subtalar joint neutral & Mid tarsal joint axes maximally pronated.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
20Which two Sub-phases of the stance phase are termed 'Propulsive'?
- ALoading response and mid stance
- BMidstance and terminal stance
- CTerminal stance and pre-swing
- DPre-swing and loading response
21Which of the following is NOT a termporospatial parameter?
- ACadence
- BStride length
- CHeel lift
- DStep length
- EAngle of Gait
- FBase of gait
22Loading response is defined as: Heel strike to opposite toe off, 10% of the gait cycle or 80% stance phase
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
23Which muscle is considered by far the strongest supinator of the Sub talar Joint?
- AGastrocnemius
- BSoleus
- CTibialis posterior
- DTibialis Anterior
- EExtensor Digitorum longus
24Midstance is defined as: From opposite toe off to heel lift of the supporting foot. 20% of gait cycle or 30% of stance.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
25Rearfoot Valgus is defined as an everted position of the calcaneus relative to the ground in NCSP
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
26What is the prevalence of Pes Cavus according to Burns 2005?
- A5-10%
- B8-20%
- C8-15%
- D20%
27Which of the following biomechanical features does NOT describe Pes Cavus?
- APlantar flexed and Adducted Forefoot
- BVarus Hindfoot
- CHigh calcaneal pitch
- DLow Midfoot (Defined by navicular height)
28Which of the following muscle combinations leads to diminished ground contact of the lateral forefoot, placing the peroneals at a disadvantage, less able to pronate the Mid tarsal joint at the Oblique axis and allow the supinators to function unopposed?
- AWeak Extensor hallucis longus and extensor digitorum longus
- BGastrocnemius and soleus tightness
- CGastrocnemius and soleus weakness
- DWeak Extensor Hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior
29A [blank_start]high[blank_end] STJ axis is classed as more than 42 degrees from the transverse plane. It allows less [blank_start]Inversion/Eversion[blank_end] and more [blank_start]Abduction/Adduction[blank_end].
- Ahigh
- BInversion/Eversion
- CAbduction/Adduction
30SIgns on a a lateral radiograph of a Pes Cavus foot type should include: [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] calcaneal inclination angle (>30 degrees) and [blank_start]increased[blank_end] metatarsal declination angle ([blank_start]25-35[blank_end] degrees)
- Aincreased
- BIncreased
- C25-35
31A rigid Pes Planus foot type is described as having a lower arch during weight baring and non weight baring, decreased or absence of STJ and mid foot ROM, symptomatic or asymptomatic, and usually has an underlying primary pathology.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
32What is the most common tarsal coalition?
- ACalcaneo- talar
- BCalcaneo-cuboid
- CCalcaneo-navicular
- DCalcaneo-cuneiform
33Incidence of Flexible pes planus include: 15% simple flatfoot, 6% equinus, 2% tarsal coalition
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
34Clinical features of Flexible Pes planus include:
- Calcaneal [blank_start]eversion[blank_end]
- Bowing of Achilles tendon
- [blank_start]Increased[blank_end] curvature observed under the lateral malleoli
- Forefoot abduction (Too many toes sign)
- Medial column/MLA collapse
- Medial talo-navicular bulge- AIncreased
- Beversion
35Wheeless' textbook of orthopaedics states that adult flatfoot may occur in [blank_start]20[blank_end]% of adults, most of which are flexible.
- A20
36What are the three main types of ulcers in the lower limb?
1. Venous
2. Arterial
3. [blank_start]Neuropathic[blank_end]- ANeuropathic
37The following factors contribute/influence impaired healing of ulceration: Tissue trauma, autoimmune diseases, Vascular disease, Sensory loss, malignancy, Haematological disease, Infection and drug therapies.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
38Which of the following is not one of the phases in the process of wound healing?
- AImmediate: Haemostasis
- BInflammation: Increased blood flow, debridement (Phagocytosis)
- CProliferation: Granulation
- DMast cell production
- EEpithelialisation
- FMaturation
39During the epithelialisation phase of wound healing, the migration proceeds much slower in a moist environment than in a dry wound.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
40Based on the university of texas wound classification system, '3A' describes which of the following:
- ASuperficial - No bone, tendon capsule & non-infected-non-ischaemic
- BInvolves tendon or capsule & Ischaemic
- CInvolves bone or joint & Non-infected, non Ischaemic
- DPre-post ulcer with epithelialisation and infection
41The Wagners grading system classifies ulcers by depth.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
42Tollafield & Merriman describe one of their ideal wound dressing characteristics as ' Draws exudate away from the wound surface, but does not allow drying of the wound surface'.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
43The following clinical presentations would best relate to which condition?
• Collagen disorders
• Easy bruising/ scars
• Over-use syndromes present with greater intensity
• Joint and soft tissue pain
• Dislocation of joints
• Link with fibromyalgia in chronic cases- AHypo mobility
- BHyper mobility
- CPes planus
- DOsteoarthritis
44Without insulin the body produces a toxic by product from the burning of fats; this state is called
- AHypertension
- BHypoglycaemia
- CKetoacidosis
- DLate-onset autoimmune diabetes
45In the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of chronic venous disease of the lower limbs, the 'CEAP' classification stands for.
C = [blank_start]Clinical[blank_end]
E = Etiology
A = [blank_start]Anatomical site[blank_end]
P = Pathophysiology- AClinical
- BAnatomical site
46A classic site for venous ulceration to occur is above the lateral malleolus around the area of perforators.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
47In regards to compression therapy, if you were treating lymphatic oedema, you would use a class 4 of 40-50mmHg compression.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
48Tinea pedis between the toes may produce a portal of entry for bacteria causing cellulitis
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
49Stemmer's sign describes Lipoedema as a positive result, whereby pinching the skin on the upper surface of the toes results in only grasping a lump of tissue.Whereas, Lymphedema generally produces a negative result, which describes being able to grasp a thin fold of tissue.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
50The five developmental stages of diabetic neuropathic ulceration include:
1. Build up of hardened keratin over bony prominence
2. Sub-dermal tissue break down
3. Sub-dermal blister breaks surface of skin
4. Dermal ulceration
5. Infection of tendon and bone- AVerdadero
- BFalso
51Based on the traffic light system of risk stratification:
[blank_start]Low risk[blank_end]: People with no risk factors and no previous history of foot ulceration/amputation
[blank_start]Intermediate risk[blank_end]: People with one risk factor (Neuropathy,PAD, or foot deformity) and no previous history of ulcer/amputation
[blank_start]High risk[blank_end]: People with 2 or more risk factors (neuropathy, PAD, or foot deformity) and/or previous history of foot ulceration/amputation.- ALow risk
- BHigh risk
- CIntermediate risk
52Decreased Posterior Tibialis strength or weakness could be the cause of:
- AExcessive Pronation/eversion in RCSP
- BExcessive supination in RCSP
53In standard 'off the shelf' shoes the last shapes are:
- Curved
- [blank_start]Semi curved[blank_end]
- Straight- ASemi curved
54A haemostatic agent is one that:
- ALessens and relieves pain by removing the cause or changing response/perception of pain
- BArrests or diminishes the flow of blood
- CLessen sensitivity to pain by acting directly on nerve endings
55A rubefacient is a medicament which produces a mild local inflammation when applied to the skin.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
56Anhydrotics are preparations that increase the flow of sweat
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
57The compound benzoin tincture is made up of: 10% benzoin, 7.5% storax, 2.5% tolu balsam, 2% aloes, alcohol to 100%
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
58Amorolfine is the active ingredient found in which topical antifungal agent?
- ALamisil
- BLoceryl
- CDaktarin
59Hallux Limitus is described as painful limitation of 1st MPJ motion with no other deformity.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
60The Manchester scale is used to grade the severity of hallux valgus. It is based of standardised photographs and is reliable and valid compared to x-rays. What would a grade of 2 represent?
- ASevere
- BNo deformity
- CModerate
- DMild HV
61The grading severity can also be classified into four stages, depending on the progression of pathology. What stage best describes 'Abduction of hallux which presses against toe'?
- AStage 1
- BStage 2
- CStage 3
- DStage 4
62If a patient presents with hallux valgus and describes their type of pain as 'Numbness, tingling, and sharp' what could be the cause of this?
- ABursitis related
- BNerve related
- COA, sesamoid problems, transfer lesion related
63The medial tubercle of the calcaneal tuberosity is an attachment site for the Flexor digitorum brevis, Abductor hallucis, Quadratus plantae and Plantar Fascia.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
64The baxter's nerve is also known as the:
- AMedial plantar nerve
- BMedial calcaneal nerve
- CLateral plantar nerve
65The windlass mechanism describes tension in the plantar fascia as increased with overpronation/pes planus.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
66Paratenonitis can be described as:
- AInflammation of the tendon itself
- BInflammation of the tendon sheath/paratenon
- CTendon degeneration (No inflammation)
67The following are areas commonly affected by Bursitis: Retrocalcaneal, 1st and 5th MPJ, Submetatarsal, Plantar Calcaneal area.
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
68The reflex grading system is used in motor function assessment. Please fill in the blanks:
[blank_start]0 = Absent[blank_end]
1 = Normal
[blank_start]2 = Increased[blank_end]
3 = Clonus- A2 = Increased
- B0 = Absent
69The Insertion of the extensor hallucis longus is at the:
- ADorsal surface of base of the 5th Metatarsal
- BBase of the distal phalanx of hallux
- CPlantar surface of distal phalanx of hallux
- DCalcaneal tendon
70What is the origin of the Abductor Hallucis?
- APlantar aponeurosis
- BTuberosity of the calcaneus
- CMedial surface of the calcaneus
- DPlantar surface of cuboid and lateral cuneiform
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- Comprised of lectures and tute questions, and a whole bunch of other stuff :)!
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- neda218
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