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Quiz von marissaellenking, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von marissaellenking
vor mehr als 8 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
Which is more digestible?
Antworten
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Cool season grasses
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Warm season grasses
Frage 2
Frage
Which is more digestible?
Antworten
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Cool season annual grasses
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Cool season perennial grasses
Frage 3
Frage
Which is more digestible?
Antworten
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Tifton 85
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Bermuda-grass
Frage 4
Frage
Which is more digestible?
Antworten
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Brown rib millet
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Pearl millet
Frage 5
Frage
Which is more digestible?
Antworten
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Legumes
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Grasses
Frage 6
Frage
Which is more digestible?
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Leaves
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Stems
Frage 7
Frage
Which is more digestible?
Antworten
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Stems in the upper canopy of the plant
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Stems in the lower canopy of the plant
Frage 8
Frage
Which is more digestible?
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Young green leaves
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Dead leaves
Frage 9
Frage
Which is more digestible?
Antworten
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Warm and cool season perennial species in spring
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Warm and cool season perennial species in mid-summer
Frage 10
Frage
Which is more digestible?
Antworten
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Warm and cool season perennial species in mid-summer
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Warm and cool season perennial species in fall
Frage 11
Frage
Which is more digestible?
Antworten
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Alfalfa in cool weather
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Alfalfa in summer weather
Frage 12
Frage
The [blank_start]hotter[blank_end] the temperature the [blank_start]faster[blank_end] the plant goes through [blank_start]lignification[blank_end].
Antworten
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hotter
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faster
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lignification
Frage 13
Frage
[blank_start]Sodseeding[blank_end] is the general term used to describe the practice of establishing forage crops into perennial, grass dominant, hay and/or pasture. Usually accomplished with a no-till grain drill or broadcasting seed.
Antworten
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Sodseeding
Frage 14
Frage
What are ways that sod-seeding is usually done?
Antworten
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No-till grain drill
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Broadcasting seed
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Tiller
Frage 15
Frage
The establishment of legumes such as clover or alfalfa into tall fescue is usually practiced where?
Antworten
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Upper south
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Lower south
Frage 16
Frage
Cool season annual grasses (ryegrass, rye, oats, wheat) and/or leagues (clover) planted into dormant perennial warm season grass sods (bahiagrass, bermudagrass) if primarily done where?
Antworten
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Upper south
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Lower south
Frage 17
Frage
What are some benefits of multiple species pastures/hayfields?
Antworten
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Higher forage yield per pasture/field
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Improved forage quality
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Nitrogen fiaxtion
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Longer growing season in pasture/field
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Lower forage yield per pasture/field
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Average forage quality
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Nitrogen leaching
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Shorter growing season
Frage 18
Frage
[blank_start]Legumes[blank_end] typically have higher protein and are more digestible.
Antworten
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Legumes
Frage 19
Frage
What are the benefits to sod-seeding?
Antworten
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Soil conservation
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Time
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Fuel
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Moisture
Frage 20
Frage
What are the sod-seeding principles?
Antworten
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Fertility
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Reduce existing vegetation
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Use high quality seed
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Inoculate legumes with correct bacterial strain
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Plant at correct time with correct seeding rate
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Insure soil contact
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Control competition from existing vegetation
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Control pests
Frage 21
Frage
[blank_start]Grazing[blank_end] and [blank_start]mowing[blank_end] are ways to control competition from existing vegetation.
Antworten
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Grazing
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mowing
Frage 22
Frage
[blank_start]Forage quality[blank_end] refers to the ability of a forage to support desired levels of animal performance.
Antworten
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Forage quality
Frage 23
Frage
Forage quality is a function of [blank_start]voluntary intake[blank_end] and [blank_start]nutritive value[blank_end].
Antworten
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voluntary intake
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nutritive value
Frage 24
Frage
Palatability refers to the [blank_start]appeal[blank_end] and [blank_start]acceptability[blank_end] of feedstuffs to an animal.
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appeal
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acceptability
Frage 25
Frage
Crude protein represents the total [blank_start]nitrogen[blank_end] content in the diet ([blank_start]true protein[blank_end] as well as [blank_start]non-protein nitrogen[blank_end]).
Antworten
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nitrogen
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true protein
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non-protein nitrogen
Frage 26
Frage
[blank_start]N[blank_end] X 6.25 = CP
Antworten
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N
Frage 27
Frage
[blank_start]Digestible energy[blank_end] provides an indication of the total amount of energy from a feed that can be available fore use by the animal.
Antworten
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Digestible energy
Frage 28
Frage
Non starch carbohydrates are simple carbs such as [blank_start]starches[blank_end] and [blank_start]sugars[blank_end] that can be [blank_start]rapidly[blank_end] and [blank_start]easily[blank_end] digested by the animal.
Antworten
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starches
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sugars
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rapidly
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easily
Frage 29
Frage
[blank_start]Cellulose[blank_end] are major structural carbs present in plant cell walls.
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Cellulose
Frage 30
Frage
Cellulose is [blank_start]utilized[blank_end] by rumen microbes.
Antworten
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utilized
Frage 31
Frage
Hemi-cellulose is more digestible than [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end] but less [blank_start]digestible[blank_end] than starches and sugars.
Antworten
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cellulose
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digestible
Frage 32
Frage
[blank_start]Lignin[blank_end] is a major structural component found in plant cell walls and is [blank_start]undigestible[blank_end].
Antworten
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Lignin
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undigestible
Frage 33
Frage
As [blank_start]lignin[blank_end] in the plant increases, [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end] digestion decreases.
Antworten
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lignin
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cellulose
Frage 34
Frage
Total digestible nutrients (TDN) is the measure of [blank_start]energy[blank_end] value in a feed.
Antworten
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energy
Frage 35
Frage
Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is a close estimate of the amount of total [blank_start]fiber[blank_end] in a feedstuff.
Antworten
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fiber
Frage 36
Frage
NDF is generally composed of [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end], [blank_start]hemicellulose[blank_end], and [blank_start]lignin[blank_end].
Antworten
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cellulose
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hemicellulose
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lignin
Frage 37
Frage
Acid detergent fiber (ADF) is the least [blank_start]digestible fiber[blank_end] portion of a forage.
Antworten
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digestible fiber
Frage 38
Frage
ADF includes [blank_start]lignin[blank_end] and [blank_start]cellulose[blank_end].
Antworten
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lignin
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cellulose
Frage 39
Frage
TDN = [blank_start]total digestible nutrients[blank_end]
Antworten
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total digestible nutrients
Frage 40
Frage
NDF = [blank_start]neutral detergent fiber[blank_end]
Antworten
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neutral detergent fiber
Frage 41
Frage
ADF = [blank_start]acid detergent fiber[blank_end]
Antworten
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acid detergent fiber
Frage 42
Frage
[blank_start]Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy[blank_end] (NIRS) rapidly and reproductively measures the chemical composition of a feed sample.
Antworten
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Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
Frage 43
Frage
[blank_start]NIRS[blank_end] is based on the fact that each of the major chemical components of a sample has a characteristic near infrared light absorption.
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NIRS
Frage 44
Frage
[blank_start]NIRS[blank_end] = near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
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NIRS
Frage 45
Frage
Relative feed value is used to compare the potential of two or more like forages on the basis of [blank_start]energy intake[blank_end].
Antworten
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energy intake
Frage 46
Frage
RFV = [blank_start]relative feed value[blank_end]
Antworten
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relative feed value
Frage 47
Frage
RFV of 100 is equivalent to...
Antworten
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Full bloom alfalfa
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Half bloom alfalfa
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Full bloom crimson clover
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Full bloom white clover
Frage 48
Frage
What is RFV based on?
Antworten
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NDF
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ADF
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NIRS
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TDN
Frage 49
Frage
What is NDF an indicator of?
Antworten
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Forage intake
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Digestibility
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Feed value
Frage 50
Frage
What is ADF an indicator of?
Antworten
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Forage intake
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Digestibility
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Feed value
Frage 51
Frage
RFQ of 100 is equal to?
Antworten
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Full bloom alfalfa
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Full bloom white clover
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Full bloom millet
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Full bloom red clover
Frage 52
Frage
RFQ takes into account what?
Antworten
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DMI
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TDN
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RVF
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ADF
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NDF
Frage 53
Frage
DMI = [blank_start]dry matter intake[blank_end]
Antworten
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dry matter intake
Frage 54
Frage
RFQ = [blank_start]relative forage quality[blank_end]
Antworten
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relative forage quality
Frage 55
Frage
If the RFQ is higher it is also what?
Antworten
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More nutritious
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More valuable
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Less valuable
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Less nutritious
Frage 56
Frage
What factors affect forage quality?
Antworten
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Plant species
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Plant parts
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Climate
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Stage of maturity
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Fertilization
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Diurnal Fluctuations
Frage 57
Frage
Certain species of plants posses certain compounds that interfere with [blank_start]digestibility[blank_end].
Antworten
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digestibility
Frage 58
Frage
Drought stress may [blank_start]improve[blank_end] digestibility.
Antworten
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improve
Frage 59
Frage
Stage of maturity has greater effect on [blank_start]nutritive[blank_end] value than any other factor.
Antworten
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nutritive
Frage 60
Frage
[blank_start]Lignification[blank_end] of cell wall occurs with maturity. the more mature the more lignin if found in the cell wall.
Antworten
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Lignification
Frage 61
Frage
With maturity: [blank_start]yield[blank_end] increases but [blank_start]quality[blank_end] decreases
Antworten
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yield
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quality
Frage 62
Frage
White clover is digestible for longer because of what?
Antworten
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Lack of true stems
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Prominent true stems
Frage 63
Frage
Which is more digestible for longer?
Antworten
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Arrow-leaf clover
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Crimson clover
Frage 64
Frage
Nitrogen generally has little effect on what?
Antworten
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Digestibility
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Quality
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RFV
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ADF
Frage 65
Frage
[blank_start]Diurnal fluctuations[blank_end] is where soluble carbohydrates build up in the plant during [blank_start]daylight[blank_end]. Plants use those soluble carbohydrates over night.
Antworten
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Diurnal fluctuations
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daylight
Frage 66
Frage
1/2 inch of rain decreases TDN by what?
Antworten
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3.5%
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5.5%
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20.2%
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10.8%
Frage 67
Frage
1 inch of rain will decrease TDN by what?
Antworten
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5%
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10%
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14%
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3.5%
Frage 68
Frage
If hay is left uncut each day after 4 weeks TDN will drop [blank_start]0.5%[blank_end] per day.
Antworten
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0.5%
Frage 69
Frage
How should hay be orientated for all day sun exposure?
Antworten
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North to South
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East to West
Frage 70
Frage
Soil compaction is a reduction in pore space therefore, it also...
Antworten
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Decreases soil volume
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Decreases porosity
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Increases bulk density
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increases soil volume
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Increases porosity
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Decreases bulk density
Frage 71
Frage
[blank_start]Surface[blank_end] compaction = compaction that occurs in the surface "plow layer"
Antworten
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Surface
Frage 72
Frage
[blank_start]Subsurface[blank_end]/[blank_start]subsoil[blank_end] compaction = compaction that occurs below the plow layer
Antworten
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Subsurface
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subsoil
Frage 73
Frage
What is the equation for bulk density?
Antworten
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Bulk density = Ms/Vt
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Bulk density = Vt/Ms
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Bulk density = Vv/Vt
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Bulk density = Vt/Vv
Frage 74
Frage
What is the equation for porosity?
Antworten
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Porosity = Vv/Vt
-
Porosity = Vt/Vv
-
Porosity = Ms/Vt
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Porosity = Vt/Ms
Frage 75
Frage
Reduction in pore space and reduction in yield are effects of [blank_start]compaction[blank_end].
Antworten
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compaction
Frage 76
Frage
Reduction in pore space is an effect of compaction. This effect can also result in water issues. Check all that apply to water issues.
Antworten
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Low infiltration
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Poor drainage
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Poor water holding capacity
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Erosion
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Runoff
Frage 77
Frage
Reduction in pore space is an effect of compaction. This effect can also result in plant development issues. Check all that apply to plant development issues.
Antworten
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Increased resistance to root penetration
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Emergence issues
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Reduction in nutiient uptake
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Poor drainage
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Runoff
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Erosion
Frage 78
Frage
What are the 3 main causes of compaction?
Antworten
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Equipment traffic
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Livestock traffic
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Tillage operations
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Human traffic
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Naturally occurring compaction
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Wind erosion
Frage 79
Frage
Total axle load, contact pressure between the tire and soil, and soil moisture affects what type of compaction?
Antworten
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Surface compaction
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Subsoil compaction
Frage 80
Frage
Greater axle load and wet soil conditions [blank_start]increases[blank_end] depth of compaction
Antworten
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increases
Frage 81
Frage
Check all that apply to livestock traffic.
Antworten
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Repeated pressure in heavy traffic areas
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Stocking rates
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Rotation
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Shallow compaction
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Deep compaction
Frage 82
Frage
Continuous plowing or disking at the same depth causes [blank_start]hardpans[blank_end] just below the depth of tillage.
Antworten
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hardpans
Frage 83
Frage
To manage compaction with equipment traffic what should be done to decrease the depth of soil compaction?
Antworten
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Increase number of tires
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Decrease number of tires
Frage 84
Frage
Proper rotation of livestock can prevent soil compaction as well as reduce [blank_start]erosion[blank_end] in high traffic areas.
Antworten
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erosion
Frage 85
Frage
[blank_start]Tillage[blank_end] depth should vary from year-to-year to reduce chances of hardpan development.
Antworten
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Tillage
Frage 86
Frage
What is used to measure soil compaction?
Antworten
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Pentrometer
-
Yard stick
-
Scale
-
Ruler
Frage 87
Frage
Penetrometers are supposed to mimic [blank_start]plant roots[blank_end].
Antworten
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plant roots
Frage 88
Frage
A dynamic penetrometer does what?
Antworten
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Moves
-
Stays stationary
Frage 89
Frage
A static penetrometer does what?
Antworten
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Stays stationary
-
Moves
Frage 90
Frage
What does a penetrometer use to measure soil compaction?
Antworten
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The resistance to root penetration
-
The depth you can physically go into the soil
-
The moisture content of the soil
-
The amount of sand, soil, or clay in the soil
Frage 91
Frage
The depth at which penetrations falls below [blank_start]300[blank_end] psi is recorded by the penetrometer.
Antworten
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300
Frage 92
Frage
What is a "lot" of hay defined as?
Antworten
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A single cutting, a single field and variety, and generally less then 200 tons
-
A random pull from different fields less than 200 tons
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A square bale of hay
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A round bale of hay
Frage 93
Frage
How many cores should be pulled from each lot?
Antworten
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20
-
40
-
10
-
5
Frage 94
Frage
How much hay should be submitted for analysis?
Antworten
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1/2 lb.
-
1 lb.
-
3 lbs.
-
1.5 lbs.
Frage 95
Frage
What length of probe should be used to collect samples?
Antworten
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12''- 24''
-
24''- 36''
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10''- 20''
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25''- 48''
Frage 96
Frage
What diameter of probe should be used to collect the cores?
Antworten
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3/8 - 3/4 "
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1/2 - 3''
-
1/4 - 1''
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2 - 3''
Frage 97
Frage
What are the reasons for having forage sampled?
Antworten
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Determine forage quality
-
Identify imbalances, deficiencies, and toxicities in the forage
-
Tell the producer if their soil management technique is working
-
Establish forage value $$$
Frage 98
Frage
The most limiting factor in the forage is the amount of what that the animal consumes?
Antworten
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The amount of digestible energy
-
The amount of protein
-
The amount of minerals
-
The amount of vitamins
-
The amount of water
Frage 99
Frage
A high quality forage is one that contains large concentrations of what?
Antworten
-
Digestible nutrients
-
Protein
-
Minerals
-
Vitamins
Frage 100
Frage
What is the southeastern categorization RFQ value for Choice hay?
Antworten
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140-160 RFQ
-
90-110 RFQ
-
110-140 RFQ
-
160-180 RFQ
Frage 101
Frage
What is the southeastern categorization RFQ for standard hay?
Antworten
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90-110 RFQ
-
140-160 RFQ
-
120-140 RFQ
-
70-90 RFQ
Frage 102
Frage
In the southeastern hay contest held annually in conjunction with the Sunbelt Ag Expo, samples can be thrown out due to too high levels of what two items?
Antworten
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Moisture and nitrate
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Nitrate and potassium
-
Moisture and potassium
-
Potassium and phosphorus
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