Case studies - DTM

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 5

46/1000

30/1000

600/1000

5/1000

70/1000

13/1000

1 per woman

7 per woman

9 per woman

They have lots of money to keep kids

Children are needed as a pension and as a health care system

Every single mother wants loads of children

More children are needed to replace those who die young

contraception is not widely available

They have lots of doctors

Religious objection to contraceptive use

cultural/religious traditions encourage large families

There aren't enough children

The lack of education regarding family planning (High school fees)

They have lots of money to keep kids

Children are needed as a pension and as a health care system

Every single mother wants loads of children

More children are needed to replace those who die young

contraception is not widely available

They have lots of doctors

Religious objection to contraceptive use

cultural/religious traditions encourage large families

There aren't enough children

The lack of education regarding family planning (High school fees)

Improved food production and storage

more doctors for each person

Improved transport for food

less people to spread diseases

Improved hygiene ( boiling water )

Stage 1

Stage 3

Stage 5

20/1000

3/1000

90/1000

3/1000

20/1000

7/1000

2 per woman

6 per woman

10 per woman

Establishment of medical centres with health checks and vaccinations against malaria and diarrhoea reducing IMR

Contraceptive advice available

Education more affordable with less children in the family

people are more abstanant

better pensions

women having careers

men have decided they just want one child

later age of marriage

more materialistic society

Economic uncertainty

Sterilisation of women

more women have medical problems meaning they can't have children

Healthcare

contraceptive advice

High (90%) Literacy rate among women

kids aren't seen as an asset anymore

Education gives women confidence to take control of their own life

Economic changes bring stability to society such as a minimum wage , owning property, the establishment of trade unions to argue for workers rights

stage 3

stage 4

stage 2

5/1000

90/1000

12/1000

11/1000

3/1000

1/1000

1.77 per woman

3 per woman

5 per woman

The babyboomers have just reached pension age by 2021 20% of the population of the UK will be pensioners . Pensioners tend not to have many babies

children aren't needed

IMR is low so there is no neeed to have more children to replace the ones that don't survive

Introduction of the pill and other efficient contaceptives in 1960s

because it's naturally like that

Many women have decided to have a career, delay marriage and delay marriage, giving less time to have babies.

people can choose a more materialistic lifestyle instead of having babies

stage 4

stage 3

stage 5

3/1000

8/1000

2/1000

11/1000

4/1000

1/1000

13 per woman

1.42 per woman

40 per woman

Medical technology can keep more people alive into their 70s, 80s so number of old people increases but then all the old people die together in their 70s, 80s with so many people dying it leads to a high death rate.

People don't take as good care of themselves

Obesity caused by bad diet and lack of exercise

sedentary occupations, lack of exercise

more people committing suicide

personal abuse (drugs, alcohol, smoking)

Unprotected sex so more STDs

In-migration of the baby producing age ranges

Decided they need more children so they have workers

government incentives to produce babies to counteract an ageing population (extending paternity and maternity leaves , maternity grants, child allowance, family tax credits, child trust fund)

people are starting to use online dating sites