CRJ 101 Exam #2 Chapter 8

1. 1A _________ is good for distribution of measures at the nominal level measurement, may be appropriate for all LOM.
   

   1. ABar Chart
   2. BHistogram
2. 2A ________ is used to show data that are quantifiable that vary along continuum.
   Positive skew- cases cluster to the left and right tail is longer than left tail.
   Negative Skew cases cluster to the right and left tail is longer than right tail.
   

   1. ABar Chart
   2. BHistogram
3. 3What does ‘univariate’ mean?

   1. ADescribes one variable
   2. BDepends on two variables.
   3. CInvolving two or more variable quantities.
4. 4What does Bivariate mean?

   1. ADescribes one variable
   2. BDepends on two variables
   3. CInvolving two or more variable quantities
5. 5What does multivariate mean?

   1. ADescribes one variable
   2. BDepends on two variables
   3. CInvolving two or more variable quantities
6. 6How can one describe a univariate distribution?
   
   Univariate distribution describes how values of variable cluster around [blank_start]center[blank_end] of distribution.
   

   1. Acenter
7. 7How can one show the variability in variables?
   Range?

   1. AAvoids the problem created by outliers, by showing the range where most cases lie.
   2. BIt may be drastically altered by just one exceptionally high or low value (an outlier) so NOT a good summary measure for most purposes. Simplest measure of variation, calculated as the highest value in a distribution minus the lowest value, plus 1
   3. CAn exceptionally high or low value in distribution.
   4. DAverage squared deviation of each case from the mean
   5. ESingle most popular measure of variability; is the distance from the mean that covers a clear majority of cases.
8. 8How can one show the variability in variables?
   Outliers?

   1. AAvoids the problem created by outliers, by showing the range where most cases lie.
   2. BIt may be drastically altered by just one exceptionally high or low value (an outlier) so NOT a good summary measure for most purposes. Simplest measure of variation, calculated as the highest value in a distribution minus the lowest value, plus 1
   3. CAn exceptionally high or low value in distribution.
   4. DAverage squared deviation of each case from the mean
   5. ESingle most popular measure of variability; is the distance from the mean that covers a clear majority of cases.
9. 9How can one show the variability in variables?
   Interquartile range?

   1. AAvoids the problem created by outliers, by showing the range where most cases lie.
   2. BIt may be drastically altered by just one exceptionally high or low value (an outlier) so NOT a good summary measure for most purposes. Simplest measure of variation, calculated as the highest value in a distribution minus the lowest value, plus 1
   3. CAn exceptionally high or low value in distribution.
   4. DAverage squared deviation of each case from the mean
   5. ESingle most popular measure of variability; is the distance from the mean that covers a clear majority of cases.
10. 10How can one show the variability in variables?
    Variance?

    1. AAvoids the problem created by outliers, by showing the range where most cases lie.
    2. BIt may be drastically altered by just one exceptionally high or low value (an outlier) so NOT a good summary measure for most purposes. Simplest measure of variation, calculated as the highest value in a distribution minus the lowest value, plus 1
    3. CAn exceptionally high or low value in distribution.
    4. DAverage squared deviation of each case from the mean
    5. ESingle most popular measure of variability; is the distance from the mean that covers a clear majority of cases.

11. 11How can one show the variability in variables?
    Standard Deviation?

    1. AAvoids the problem created by outliers, by showing the range where most cases lie.
    2. BIt may be drastically altered by just one exceptionally high or low value (an outlier) so NOT a good summary measure for most purposes. Simplest measure of variation, calculated as the highest value in a distribution minus the lowest value, plus 1
    3. CAn exceptionally high or low value in distribution.
    4. DAverage squared deviation of each case from the mean
    5. ESingle most popular measure of variability; is the distance from the mean that covers a clear majority of cases.
12. 12What is the difference between grouped and ungrouped data?
    
    Ungrouped?

    1. AListing of all possible values of variable individually.
    2. BSummarized listing of values collapsed into categories.
13. 13What is the difference between grouped and ungrouped data?
    Grouped?

    1. ASummarized listing of values collapsed into categories.
    2. BListing of all possible values of variable individually.
14. 142 reasons for grouping:
    

    1. A15-20+ values - not easily read in a table.
    2. BDistribution of variable will be clearer, more meaningful if some values combined
    3. CAll of them.
15. 15Guidelines to grouping values; Categories should be:

    1. ALogically Defensible
    2. BPreserve Shape of Distribution
    3. CMutually Exclusive, Exhaustive.
    4. DAll
16. 16What are measures of central tendency? What do they show?

    1. AMode (Value that occurs most often, most common value)
    2. BMedian (Value in the middle of distribution of values)
    3. CMean (Sum of all values divided by number of values in distribution)
    4. DAll.
17. 17What are measures of variability? What do they show?
    

    1. ARange (simplest measure of variation, calculated as the highest value in a distribution minus the lowest value, plus 1)
    2. BInterquartile Range ( Avoids the problem created by outliers, by showing the range where most cases lie)
    3. CVariance (Average squared deviation of each case from the mean)
    4. DStandard Deviation (Single most popular measure of variability; is the distance from the mean that covers a clear majority of cases.)
    5. EAll.
18. 18What is a ‘normal distribution’?
    A normal distribution looks like a bell, with one “hump” in the middle, centered around the population mean, and the number of cases tapering off on both sides of the mean.

    1. ARichtig
    2. BFalsch
19. 19What do ‘rates’ show? Why are they important?
    Rates: Used to standardize some measure for comparative purposes.

    1. ARichtig
    2. BFalsch
20. 20What are four ways you can describe association (indicate relationships) between variables?
    
    Four items included when describing association (relationship):

    1. AExistence
    2. BStrength
    3. CDirection
    4. DPattern
    5. EAll.
21. 21What are the rules for constructing the tables;
    
    

    1. AIV in the column and the DV in the Row.
    2. BPercentage the table column by column, on the column totals.
    3. CCompare the distribution of the dependent variable across each column.
    4. DAll.
22. 22What is a ‘cross-tabulation’ or ‘contingency table’?
    -Cross-tabulation displays distribution of one variable for each category of another variable.
    

    1. ARichtig
    2. BFalsch
23. 23What are tests of statistical significance? What are they meant to show? Why are they important?
    Expressed in terms of probability
    Level of significance represents the probability of the measured association being due to sampling error.
    It represents a real finding between the variables.
    

    1. ARichtig
    2. BFalsch
24. 24Bivariate and Multivariate comparisons often presented in cross tabulations (“crosstabs”)
    Multivariate cross-tabulation - shows distribution of three or more variables.

    1. ARichtig
    2. BFalsch
25. 25Inferential statistics?-
    Statistic used to estimate the degree of confidence that can be placed in generalizations from a sample to the population from which the sample was selected.

    1. ARichtig
    2. BFalsch
26. 26What are descriptive statistics?
    Statistics used to describe either the characteristics of a variable or the relationships among variables.

    1. ARichtig
    2. BFalsch

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Quiz am CRJ 101 Exam #2 Chapter 8, erstellt von Arlet Moya am 21/04/2016.

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Arlet Moya

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Erstellt am 21 Apr 2016 · aktualisiert am 22 Apr 2016

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