Alternative cognitive development

which psychologist studied object permanence and concluded it is innate.

Name three nativist psychologists

The informational processing approach. According to [blank_start]Bee,[blank_end] four ways in which information processing changes are [blank_start]Capacity[blank_end], Awareness, [blank_start]Rules[blank_end] and Efficiency

According to Chomsky, children acquire language without help. They have an innate language acquisition device.

Baillargeon believes object permanence is learned through interaction with the environment.

In Baillargeon's study of [blank_start]object permanence[blank_end], children were shown expected events and unexpected events. Expected = [blank_start]carrot[blank_end] could [blank_start]not be seen[blank_end] through window as it was too short. Unexpected = Carrot should have been viewable as it was [blank_start]tall enough[blank_end] to be seen through window however wasn't there . They looked [blank_start]longer[blank_end] at the unexpected event so they thought it should have been there - object permanence.

A criticism of Baillargeon's study is that she didn't study new borns but claimed their behaviour was innate.

The information processing approach says

In whose study were 20 children shown 7 images and asked to recall them. In this study 5 year olds did not use verbal repetition. 10 year olds did use this to aid recall. This shows with age they develop rules for problem solving.

A criticism of Flavell's study is that when the younger children were taught to use verbal repetition they all recalled at the same rate. This shows their memory doesn't become more sophisticated. Instead they develop better rules for memory recall (repetition) and so their efficiency increases.

Siegler's over lapping wave experiment. He showed children between [blank_start]5 and 17[blank_end] a balance scale with weights on either side. He moved the weights around and asked them which side [blank_start]would fall[blank_end]. 5yrs - chose side [blank_start]with most weights[blank_end]. 9yrs - chose the side that had the most weights furthest away from the fulcrum. Over 9yrs [blank_start]took into consideration[blank_end] both the number of weights and distance from the fulcrum

Siegler said we develop sets of rules for problem solving as we get older.

What is involved in Scaffolding?

Which study supports scaffolding

What is guided participation?

Which study proves guided participation as a way of learning cultural skills

According to Vygotsky, culture affects the rate of learning. Which study supports this?

who believes language aids cognitive development ?

In the Behrend et al study they found that children who used [blank_start]inner speech[blank_end] were [blank_start]better[blank_end] at problem solving than those who didn't.

Vygotsky believed scaffolding expands the zone of proximal development. What is this?

Piaget and Vygotsky beliefs about cognitive development differed greatly. Piaget thought children were [blank_start]mini-scientists[blank_end] whereas Vygotsky believed they were [blank_start]mini - apprentices[blank_end]. Piaget believed children could only learn when [blank_start]cognitively ready[blank_end] whereas Vygotsky believed they could be encouraged to learn through scaffolding. Piaget believed cog dev occurs at [blank_start]the same rate[blank_end] for everyone whereas Vygotsky believed [blank_start]culture[blank_end] impacted your development. Piaget believed cog dev is essential to learn language whereas Vygotsky believed language aided cognitive development.