7131675
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Quiz von Zaneta Chan, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Zaneta Chan
vor mehr als 7 Jahre
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Frage 1
Frage
Which of the following is a way that psychoactive drugs can alter behavior by changing nervous system activity?
Antworten
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a. after the synthesis of a neurotransmitter
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b. after the storage of a neurotransmitter
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c. after the release of a neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
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d. after the termination of a neurotransmitter-induced postsynaptic effect
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e. a, b, c & d
Frage 2
Frage
Which is the TRUE of the blood-brain barrier?
Antworten
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a. It is a protective device for the blood
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b. It is a protective device for the brain
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c. It is formed by loose gap junctions between the endothelial cell walls of capillaries that serve brain
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d. b & c
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e. a, b & c
Frage 3
Frage
Alcohol barbiturates and benzodiazepines are similar in that they ______.
Antworten
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a. modify activity at a subtype of the gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor
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b. after the enzymatic degradation of dopamine in the synaptic cleft
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c. induce an up-regulation ( i.e, increase the number) of norepinephrine receptors in the forebrain
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d. change the re-uptake of serotonin into the presynaptic cell
Frage 4
Frage
Which of the following MUST a person exhibit in order to be diagnosed with substance dependence according to the DSM-IV-TR?
Antworten
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a. concealed substance use & blackouts
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b. tolerance
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c. withdrawal symptoms
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d. maladaptive pattern of substance use
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e. b & c
Frage 5
Frage
According to the World Health Association, cigarette smoking in _____ occurs MORE OFTEN in women than in men
Antworten
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a. Southeast Asia
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b. Europe
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c. Africa
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d. none of the above
Frage 6
Frage
Delirium tremens is a collection of life-threatening symptomsthat can occur when a person withdraws from _____.
Antworten
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a. opiates
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b. hallucinogens
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c. benzodiazepines
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d. alcohol
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e. cannabinoids
Frage 7
Frage
Benzopyrene dihydrodiol epoxide (BPDE) present in the ___ of cigarette smoke damages a cancer-suppressive gen,which leads to a mutation in lung tissue.
Antworten
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a. carbon monoxide
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b. acetaldehyde
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c. nicotine
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d. tar
Frage 8
Frage
Recent scientific data indicate that, when the insular cortex of the braine (i.e, insula) is damaged, _____.
Antworten
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a. smoking occurs in sated individuals (i.e.x those who have smoked a lot of cigarretes)
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b. the desire to smoke is enhanced
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c. the desire to smoke is eliminated
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d. a & b
Frage 9
Frage
Which of the following drugs can be classified as a soporific?
Antworten
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a. cocaine
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b. caffeine
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c. morphine
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d. a & b
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e. a, b & c
Frage 10
Frage
Ana=tabuse (i.e, disulfram) is a (n) _____ used to treat alcohol abuse and dependence.
Antworten
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a. nausea- inducing drug
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b. detoxification agent
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c. opioid-receptor agonist
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d. opioid-receptor antagonist
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e. anxiolytric
Frage 11
Frage
Which of the following substances binds to the acetylcholine receptor?
Antworten
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a. nicotine
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b. THC
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c. alcohol
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d. amphetamine
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e. cocaine
Frage 12
Frage
Long term consequences of heavy drinking include of the following health problems EXCEPT _____.
Antworten
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a. cancer of the liver
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b. Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
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c. cardiovascular disease
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d. asthma
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e. c & d
Frage 13
Frage
Plaxico grew up seeing his parents use alcohol as a primary way to cleebrate and reduce tension. According to expectancy theory, Plaxico is likely to develop _____ attitudes toward the alcohol via _______.
Antworten
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a. positive; classical conditioning
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b. positive; social learning
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c. negative; classical conditioning
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d. negative; social learning
Frage 14
Frage
Which of the following statements about the influences of heredity on addiction is NOT true?
Antworten
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a. Genetic markers for cigarette smoking have been identified.
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b. Genetic markers for alcoholism have been identified
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c. Cigarette smoking and alcoholism share the same genetic markers
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d. If one identical twin smokes, then the co-twin is also likely to smoke
Frage 15
Frage
The correlation between education level and cigarette smoking is _____.
Antworten
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a. positive (direct)
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b. negative (inverse)
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c. non-linear
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d. an inverted U-shaped function
Frage 16
Frage
Which of the following amino acids is NOT considered to be essentials for humans?
Antworten
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a. phenylalanine
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b. tryptophan
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c. leucine
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d. lysine
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e. glutamate
Frage 17
Frage
Cholesterol level in the blood is influenced by _____.
Antworten
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a. diet
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b. heredity
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c. smoking
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d. a, b & c
Frage 18
Frage
Which of the following vitamins is lipophilic?
Antworten
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a. Vitamin A
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b. Vitamin B
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c. Vitamin C
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d. a & b
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e. a, b & c
Frage 19
Frage
Amenorrhea refers to _____.
Antworten
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a. body-image distortion
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b. very low body weight (<85% of expected body weight)
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c. extremely painful cramping during menstruation
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d. the presence of more than two menstrual cycles per month
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e. the cessation of normal menstrual cyclicity
Frage 20
Frage
Which is TRUE of persons with bullmia nervosa?
Antworten
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a. They are emaciated and lack energy
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b. They are picky eaters and seems to "diet" at all times
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c. At meals, they engage in obsessive behaviors such as counting the number of chews
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d. Because they appear to have normal appetite ( in public) and maintain normal body weight, they are hard to identify.
Frage 21
Frage
Which of the following health problems is associated with obesity?
Antworten
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a. colon cancer
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b. sleep apnea
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c. kidney disease
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d. diabetes type II
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e. a, b , c & d
Frage 22
Frage
_______is/are a main dietary contributor to atherosclerosis development.
Antworten
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a. salt
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b. caffeine
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c. high- density lipoproteins (HDLs)
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d. low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
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e. monosodium glutamate (MSG)
Frage 23
Frage
According to set-point theory, if Ndamukong eats very little but still manages to gain weight, he likely ______.
Antworten
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a. is under his set-point
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b. is over his set point
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c. has no set point
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d. has several set points
Frage 24
Frage
What is the effect of leptin on the hypothalamus
Antworten
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a. appetite is suppressed
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b. appetite is enhanced
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c. nociception is suppressed
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d. nociception is enhanced
Frage 25
Frage
Which of the following is TRUE about fat cells?
Antworten
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a. Fat cell number increases mainly in childhood and adolescence
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b. Fat cell can increase but not decrease
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c. Fat cell number plays a role in the body's set point
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d. a, b & c
Frage 26
Frage
The BMIs of monozygotic twins are much more similar than are the BMIs of same-sex dizygotic twins. This finding indicates a role for ____ in weight
Antworten
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a. genes
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b. environment
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c. culturally determined eating habits
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d. exercise level
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e. age
Frage 27
Frage
Empirical research has shown that ____ is an effect of exercise
Antworten
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a. weight loss
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b. enhanced self-esteem
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c. stress reduction
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d. a, b & c
Frage 28
Frage
What is the primary characteristics of anorexia nervosa?
Antworten
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a. self-induced vomiting
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b. ingestion non-nutrient substances
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c. repeated episodes of binge eating
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d. refusal to maintain a minimally normal body weight
Frage 29
Frage
Which of the following treatments for bullmia nervosa is most effective?
Antworten
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a. antidepressants
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b. aversive techniques
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c. cognitive/behavioral therapy plus antidepressants
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d. aversive therapy plus behavioral contracting
Frage 30
Frage
Making believe one is ill to benefit from sick role behavior is known as _____.
Antworten
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a. pain conversion disorder
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b. hypochondriasis
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c. malingering
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d. chronic fatigue syndrome
Frage 31
Frage
The PRIMARY advantage of a health care system organized into specialties is ____
Antworten
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a. lower expense
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b. faster delivery of services
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c. good patient-doctor communication
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d. provision of the best expertise for each aspect of each medical problem
Frage 32
Frage
Latrogenic conditions are ______.
Antworten
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a. health problems that result from medical treatment
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b. present only if practitioners make mistakes
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c. congenital heart defects
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d. Somatoform disorder types
Frage 33
Frage
The time a person takes to interpret a symptom as a sign of illness is called ______.
Antworten
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a. treatment delay
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b. appraisal delay
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c. illness delay
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d. utilization delay
Frage 34
Frage
The differences in health care system usage between makes and females ______.
Antworten
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a. may exist because men are more hesitant to admit that they have symptoms
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b. disappears if visits for pregnancy are excluded
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c. illustrates the poor health of females in general
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d. demonstrates that males are healthier than females
Frage 35
Frage
Perhaps the most important medical benefit of a more patient-centered approach in doctor style is ____--.
Antworten
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a. greater patient understanding
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b. increased likelihood of healing
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c. greater amount of diagnostic information
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d. decreased appointment cancellations
Frage 36
Frage
Patients describe symptoms for the same health problem differently because _____.
Antworten
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a. they differ in the attention that they pay to internal states
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b. they may emphasize a symptom that they believe reflects serious illness
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c. they may downplay a symptom that they believe reflects serious illness
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d. a, b & c
Frage 37
Frage
Hospitals are to ____ as nursing homes are to _____.
Antworten
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a. emergency care; long term care
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b. long term care ; emergency care
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c. inpatient services; home health care services
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d. outpatient services; inpatient services
Frage 38
Frage
Hypochondriacs are people who tend to _____.
Antworten
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a. recognize real symptoms of illness
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b. associate real but benign bodily sensations with illness
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c. make up or feign bodily sensations
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d. neglect to use the health care system
Frage 39
Frage
Which age group is most likely to use health services
Antworten
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a. the elderly
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b. the middle aged
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c. the very young
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d. a & b
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e. a & c
Frage 40
Frage
Which statement describes how stress can influence the experience of pain?
Antworten
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a. Stress can lead people to engage in behaviors, such as tensing their muscles, which in turn cause pain
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b. High levels of stress can cause people to stop taking care of themselves (e.g., they over-eat and exercise less)
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c. Stress can lead directly to physiological problems, such as the dilation of arteries surrounding the brain and tension in the muscles in the head, neck and shoulders, which can lead to headache
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d. a, b & c
Frage 41
Frage
The _____ is a specialized receptor that provides information about tissue damage
Antworten
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a. substantia gelatinosa
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b. C-afferent fiber
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c. nociceptor
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d. somatosensory homunculus
Frage 42
Frage
Hyperalgesia is a _____.
Antworten
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a. somatoform disorder
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b. factitious disorder
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c. state of reduced sensitivity to pain
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d. state of enhanced sensitivity to pain
Frage 43
Frage
What brain structure contains the somatosensory homunculus (used in the perceptionan of pain)?
Antworten
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a. spinal cord
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b. medulla
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c. thalamus
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d. cortex
Frage 44
Frage
Which of the following drugs act directly to block the conduction of action potentials in sensory neurons that carry nociceptive information?
Antworten
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a. aspirin & acetaminophen
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b. novocaine & lidocaine
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c. morphine & heroin
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d. antidepressants & tranquilizers
Frage 45
Frage
Which is the following is an algogenic substance?
Antworten
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a. endorphin
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b. Prozac
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c. Valium
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d. prostaglandin
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e. morphine
Frage 46
Frage
Which sensory fibers are involved in the transmission of nociceptive information?
Antworten
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a. A-beta fibers
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b. A-delta fibers
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c. C-fibers
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d. b & c
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e. a, b & c
Frage 47
Frage
The visual analogue scale is considered to be a ____ measure of pain.
Antworten
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a. physiological
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b. behavioral
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c. self-report
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d. a, b & c
Frage 48
Frage
Electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray area (PAG) of the midbrain induces _____.
Antworten
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a. pain
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b. referred pain
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c. analgesia
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d. hyperalgesia
Frage 49
Frage
Which of the following CLOSES the gating mechanism according to the gate control pain theory?
Antworten
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a. depression
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b. anxiety
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c. analgesic medication
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d. boredom
Frage 50
Frage
Which of the following is classified as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)?
Antworten
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a. morphine
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b. novocaine
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c. aspirin
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d. prostaglandin
Frage 51
Frage
Focusing thoughts on the unpleasant aspects of a painful experience tends to _____.
Antworten
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a. make the pain worse
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b. lessen the pain
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c. lead to a hypnotic state
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d. have no effect on the pain
Frage 52
Frage
Which method of pain reduction is a form of counter-irritation?
Antworten
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a. hypnosis
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b. biofeedback
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c. nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NDSAIDs)
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d. transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)
Frage 53
Frage
According to the lecture, the neurotic triads includes _____.
Antworten
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a. depression
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b. hypochondriasis
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c. hysteria
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d. a, b & c
Frage 54
Frage
The theory of pain proposed by Melzack & Wall is the ____ theory.
Antworten
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a. gate control
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b. pattern
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c. specificity
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d. tension-reduction
Frage 55
Frage
The pain relievers most likely to produce increased tolerance and substance dependence are _____.
Antworten
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a. peripherally acting analgesics
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b. centrally acting analgesics
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c. local anesthetics
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d. indirectly acting drugs
Frage 56
Frage
Congenital insensitivity to pain ____.
Antworten
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a. can indirectly lead to death
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b. does not exist
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c. has numerous health advantages
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d. is relatively common
Frage 57
Frage
Jermichael thinks about relaxing on a beautiful beach to take his mind off his intense shoulder pain; Jemichael is using the cognitive strategy of _____ to reduce pain.
Antworten
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a. guided imagery
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b. controlled redefinition
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c. thought reflection
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d. emotional rejection
Frage 58
Frage
The fact that pain relief produced by a placebo can be reversed by naloxone indicates that _____.
Antworten
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a. expectation can increase the activity of endogenous opioids
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b. expectation can increase the activity of exogenous opioids
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c. expectation can block the synthesis of prostaglandins
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d. the placebo effect has no physiological basis
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e. a & c
Frage 59
Frage
Information about FAST pain (i.e., pain that is localized, sharp and described as pricking in nature) is carried by _____.
Antworten
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a. A-beta fibers
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b. A-delta fibers
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c. C- fibers
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d. b & c
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e. a,b & c
Frage 60
Frage
The endogenous analgesia system is activated during _____.
Antworten
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a. sex
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b. labor & delivery
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c. pregnancy
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d. stress
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e. a, b, c & d
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