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AQA AS Biology 7401- 3.4- Topic 8 DNA, Gene and Protein Synthesis

Luke Shaw 24 Fragen 1,0 (1 Bewertung)

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  1. 1what is a gene
    1. Aa gene is a section of DNA that contains the coded information for making polypeptides and functional RNA.
    2. Ba gene is a long chain of DNA
    3. Ca gene is a part of chromosome
    4. Da gene is a link in DNA
  2. 2what is a locus
    1. Aa section of DNA located at a particular position
    2. Ban allele
    3. Cthe environmental factors that determine the nature and development of all organisms
  3. 3what does the DNA base sequence code for
    1. Athe amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
    2. Ba functional RNA
    3. Cmutations
    4. DDNA codes for mRNA and tRNA
  4. 4in trying to discover how DNA bases coded for amino acids, scientists suggested that there must be a minimum of three bases that coded for each amino acid. their reasoning was as follows:

    Only [blank_start]20[blank_end] different amino acids regularly occur in proteins
    Each amino acid must have its own code of bases on the DNA
    Only [blank_start]four[blank_end] different bases are present in DNA
    If each base coded for a different amino acid, only four different amino acids could be coded for
    Using a pair of bases [blank_start]16 (4^2) different codes[blank_end] are possible, which is [blank_start]still inadequate[blank_end]
    Three bases produce [blank_start]64 (4^3) different codes[blank_end], [blank_start]more than[blank_end] enough to satisfy the requirement of [blank_start]20 amino acids[blank_end]
    1. A20
    2. Bfour
    3. C16 (4^2) different codes
    4. Dstill inadequate
    5. Esatisfactory to the requirement
    6. F64 (4^3) different codes
    7. Gmore than
    8. Hthis is not
    9. I20 amino acids
    10. Jfour different amino acids
  5. 5what is a triplet
    1. Aa set of three bases that codes for an amino acid
    2. Bthree daughter cells produced by meiosis
    3. Cthree portions of DNA
  6. 6further experiments have revealed the following features of the gentic code:
    1. Aa few amino acids are coded for by only a single triplet
      the remaining amino acids are coded for by between two and six triplets each
    2. Ba triplet is read various directions along the dna strand
    3. Cthe code is known as degenerate code because most amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet
    4. Da triplet is always read in one particular direction along the dna strand
    5. Ethe start of a dna sequence that codes for a polypeptide is always the same triplet. this codes for the amino acid methionine, if this methionine molecule does not form part of the final polypeptide, it is later removed
    6. Fthree triplets do not code for any amino acid. these are called stop codons and mark the end of a polypeptide chain. they act in much the same way as a full stop at the end of a sentence
    7. Gthe code is non-overlapping, in other words each base in the sequence is read only once. thus six bases numbered 123456 are read as triplets 123 456, rather than triplets 123 234 345 456
    8. Hthe code is universal, with a few minor exceptions each triplet codes for the same amino acid in all organisms. this is indirect evidence for evolution
    9. Ione amino acid codes for only a single triplet
    10. Jthe code is known as non-degenerate code because most amino acids are coded for only one triplet
  7. 7even within genes, only certain sequences code for amino acids. these coding sequences are called [blank_start]exons[blank_end]. within the gene these [blank_start]exons[blank_end] are seperated by further non-coding sequences called [blank_start]introns[blank_end].
    1. Aexons
    2. Bexons
    3. Cintrons
  8. 8in [blank_start]prokaryotic[blank_end] cells, such as bacteria, the dna molecules are [blank_start]shorter[blank_end], form a [blank_start]circle[blank_end] and are [blank_start]not associated[blank_end] with protein molecules. [blank_start]Prokaryotic[blank_end] cells therefore [blank_start]do not[blank_end] have chromosomes.
    1. Aprokaryotic
    2. Beukaryotic
    3. Cshorter
    4. Dlonger
    5. Ecircle
    6. Fsquare
    7. Gline
    8. Hnot associated
    9. Iassociated
    10. JProkaryotic
    11. KEukaryotic
    12. Ldo not
    13. Mdo
  9. 9in [blank_start]Eukaryotic[blank_end] cells, the DNA molecules are [blank_start]longer[blank_end], form a [blank_start]line rather than a circle[blank_end] and occur [blank_start]in association[blank_end] with proteins called [blank_start]histones[blank_end] to form structures called [blank_start]chromosomes[blank_end]. the mitochondria and chloroplasts of [blank_start]Eukaryotic[blank_end] cells also contain DNA which, like the DNA of [blank_start]Prokaryotic[blank_end] cells, is [blank_start]short, circular[blank_end] and no associated with proteins.
    1. AEukaryotic
    2. BProkaryotic
    3. Clonger
    4. Dshorter
    5. Eline rather than a circle
    6. Fcircle rather than a line
    7. Gin association
    8. Hnot in association
    9. Ihistones
    10. Jcentromere
    11. Kchromosomes
    12. Lchromatids
    13. MEukaryotic
    14. NProkaryotic
    15. OProkaryotic
    16. PEukaryotic
    17. Qshort, circular
    18. Rlong, square
  10. 10chromosomes are visible during the whole cell cycle
    1. ARichtig
    2. BFalsch

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Beschreibung
AQA AS Biology 7401- 3.4- Topic 8 DNA, Gene and Protein Synthesis
Sprache
English
Aufrufe
46
Schlagwörter
biologya level
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