Bridges- Test review
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- Important Words
- Span: the distance between two bridge supports. (column, tower, canyon walls…)
- Abutment: a. The part of a structure that bears the weight or pressure of an arch. (buttress)
- b. A structure that supports the end of a bridge. .
- c. A structure that anchors the cables of a suspension bridge. (anchorage)
- Girder: A beam, made of steel, wood, or reinforced concrete, used as a main horizontal support in a building or bridge – can be a box girder or truss girder
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- More Important Words
- Compression: a force that compresses or shortens the thing it’s acting on. Pushing together force.
- Tension: a force that expands or lengthens the thing it is acting on. Pulling apart force. .
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- Beam Bridge
- A rigid horizontal structure that is resting on two piers, one on each side.
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- Typical Span Lengths: 10-200m.
- World's Longest: Shipanpo Bridge, China. (restressed Concrete Girder)
- Center Span: 330 m.
- Ponte Costa e Silvia,Brazil. (Steel Box/Plate Girder)
- Center Span: 300 m.
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- Continuous Span Beam Bridge
- Several Beam Bridges linked together.
- World’s Longest (over water): Lake Pontchartrain Bridge in Louisiana – 38.4 km (nearly 24 miles) long
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- Cantilever Bridge
- Cantilever bridges are a modified form of beam bridge, with the support being placed not at the end, but somewhere in the middle of the span. A cantilever is a structure or beam that is unsupported at the other, like diving boards..
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- Cantilever Bridge
- Typical Span Lengths: 40-50 m.
- World's Longest: Pont de Quebec.
- Total Length: 863m
- Center Span: 549 m.
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- Truss
- Supporting Structure - lattice work added to many types of bridges.
- Trusses are skeletal structures made up of many small beams (Normally in the shape of triangles) .
- As the size of a beam bridge increases, so must the size of the truss
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- Arch Bridge
- An arch bridge is a semicircular structure with abutments on each side. The arch naturally brings the weight (a force) of the load from the roadway to the abutments throught compression. Used by the ancient Romans. Can be made out of brick, stone or steel.
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- Arch Bridge
- Typical Span Lengths: 40m-50 m.
- World's Longest: Chaotianmen Bridge. Chongqing, China
- Total Length: 1741 m
- Center Span: 552 m.
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- Suspension Bridge
- The deck of the bridge is held up by cables.
- Main cables are strung over two towers.
- Vertical (or hanging) cables connect the main cables and the road.
- Towers support most of the road deck’s weight (load) .
- The main cables must be anchored on either end.
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- Suspension
- Typical Span Lengths: 70m-1000m.
- World's Longest: Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, Japan.
- Total Length:
- 3,911m
- Center Span:
- 1,991m.
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- Cable Stayed Bridge
- A continuous beam with one or more towers built above piers. From these towers, cables strech down diagonally (usually to both sides) and attach to the girder to support the bridge deck.
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- Cable Stayed
- Typical Span Lengths: 110m-480m (Can be 1000m +)
- World's Longest: Russky Bridge, Russia.
- Total Length:
- 3,100 m
- Center Span:
- 1,104m.
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- Abutment
- A structure supporting the end of a single span or multispan
- Anchorage
- A fixing to which cables are secured
- Aqueduct
- A bridge or channel for holding water - over long distances
- Arch Bridge
- A curved bridge that converts the downward force of its own weight
- Beam
- A horizontal structure element
- Beam Bridge
- A bridge made of of horizontal beams supported by vertical posts.
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- Bedrock
- The solid rock layer under sand or silt
- Cable
- Steel wire bound in strands
- Cable Stayed Bridge
- Bridge where the roadway deck is suspended from cables attached to one or more towers.
- Cantilever
- Projecting structure supported at one end.
- Civil Engineer
- An engineer who plans, designs, and supervises the construction of facilities essential to modern life.
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- Column
- A vertical, structure element. (Strong in compression)
- Compression
- A pressing force that squeezes a material together
- Continuous Span Beam Bridge
- Bridge made by linking one beam bridge to another one.
- Deck
- Supported roadway on a bridge.
- Girder
- A main or primary support for the structure.
- Load
- Load- The weight carried by a structure.
- Live Load- A dynamic load
- Dead Load- A static load due to weight of structure
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- Pier
- A vertical supporting structure.
- Pile
- A long round pole of wood, concrete, or steel.
- Span
- The distance a bridge expands between two supports.
- Suspension Bridge
- A bridge in which the roadway deck is suspended from cables that pass over two towers.
- Tension
- A stretching force that pulls on a material.
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- Torsion
- An action that twists the material.
- Tower
- A vertical structure in a suspension or cable-stayed bridge where cables are hung.
- Truss
- A rigid frame composed of short, straight pieces joined to form a series of triangles or other stable shapes.
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- Video Notes: Building Big Bridges
- Take notes on each bridge or bridge type. When taking notes, concentrate on (If possible)
- The bridge engineer/designer- Who came up with the bridge design?
- Bridge design- What was new or unique about the design or materials?
- The bridge construction process- Were there any new techniques or problems?
- When was the bridge constructed? Any other interesting facts?
- The bridge after construction- Did anything happen to the bridge? If so, why?
- Tay Bridge:
- Bouch
- Gail force winds
- Train + Wind = Disaster
- Wind hit the train
- Killed 75 people
- Roman Bridges:
- Before, they used roads
- Sometimes connected bridges
- “Bridge Builder” (Pontifex)
- 200 AD they had 7 permanent bridges
- Stone arches
- Stones used, wood supports under it
- Keystones
- Could support heavy loads
- Compression
- Stone had disadvantages
- It’s heavy
- Iron Bridges:
- 1779- first iron bridge built
- Cast iron
- Exact size, form of shape
- Iron melted, then cooled into shapes
- They assembled the bridge
- Thomas Jefferson had a mark put on one
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- Iron Bridge, Severn River
- Abraham Darby
- Cast Iron
- Dee Bridge
- Collapsed
- Beams
- Robert Stevenson was the engineer
- Eiffel’s Bridge
- Firth of Forth Bridge
- Suspension Bridges:
- Brooklyn Bridge:
- Golden Gate Bridge:
- Environmental Loads- Wind and Earthquakes
- Tacoma Narrows Bridge
- San Francisco Bridge:
Informationen
- Beschreibung
- Use this to study for the test tomorrow
- Erstellt von
- Kayla Cintron
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