Energy

ENERGY

Uses

• Transport
• Producing food
• Manufacturing
• Public Utilities
• Lighting, heating and cooling in the home
• Communication
• 51.7% = Industry
• 26.6% = Transportation
• 13.9% = Residential
• 7.8% = Commercial

Energy Security / Insecurity

• Security= Uninterrupted availability of energy sources at an affordable price
• Insecurity = A situation where a country has to rely on others to supply most of its energy. This dependence makes a country politically vulnerable
• Energy Insecurity mainly happens in LICs
• Distribution-
• - Countries such as Australia, Russia, Canada and Finland have low energy insecurity. Whereas places such as Argentina, Mozambique and China have high levels of energy insecurity.
• ENERGY GAP= the difference between a country's rising demand for energy and its ability to produce that energy from its own resources
• The energy gap is globally becoming wider
• Fossil fuels are deliberately being avoided, but resulting is loss of energy
• Therefore, energy deficit is increasing

Factors affecting Energy

• Development = Development and rise in living standards, increases energy consumption. Especially in advances in agriculture, industry and transport.
• Population growth
• Modern technology = In society technology is heavily relied on, especially electricity. Technology is also helping to lower energy costs while also increasing availability, affordability and consumption
• Geology = determines whether a contains fossil fuels
• Climate = With greater efforts being made to use renewable resources; the more sunshine, rainfall and windy hours there are the more power
• Environmental conditions = Harsh climates or difficult terrain can make it hard to access energy resources, such as the oilfields in the Alaskan North Sea
• Cost of exploitation and production
• Technology = Advances result; in discovery in new sources, inventions of how to generate energy and development of ways to exploit more inaccessible sources. For example, Fracking.
• Politics = Country's that import resources such as oil must make sure they're politically stable meaning the supply is guaranteed and uninterrupted. In Libya the oil exports have been cut off almost completely by the civil war there

Impacts of energy insecurity

• Environmental = A shortage will force governments to take risks with the environment. For example, clearing forests for wood then using the area to grow biofuels (e.g. Amazon- Brazil), drilling for oil and gas in sensitive areas (e.g- Alaskas north slope) and flooding valleys to generate hydroelectric power (three gorges project in China)
• Economic =
• - Food production = uses lots of energy for things such as irrigation rigs and milking machines. Therefore they're vulnerable especially if energy prices go up. Such rises make home food more expensive but also sharpen competition from foreign food suppliers from country's that are more energy-secure
• - Industrial output = Same effects as above, while also resulting in the supply of energy less reliable; leading to power cuts and rationing
• Social = a rise in places will increase cost of living, jobs may be put at risk and people will be inconvenienced by power cuts
• Conflict- ​​​​​​​Conflict between the main energy consumers- industry, agriculture, people and transport will compete for any energy is available, conflict between home goods and foreign suppliers and countries that have with efficient supply

Folie 6