Chemistry

Frage	Antworten
Grooves method	R-OH +HX/anhyd ZnCl2 or Conc H2SO4 ----> RCl + H2O
Lucas reagent	Mixture of conc. HCl and anhyd ZnCl2
Darzens method	R-OH + SOCl2(thionyl chloride) + pyridine ------> RCl + SO2 + HCl
Alcohol to alkylhalide	1. HX / anhyd ZnCl2 2. PCl3 / PCl5 3. SOCl2 / pyridine 4. NaBr / H2SO4 5. Red P / X2 X = Br2 / I2
Hydrocarbon to alkylhalide	Freeradical halogenation with X2 in light
alkene to haloalkane	alkenes react eith hydrogen halide to give corresponding haloalkanes
Toluene to halotoluene	electrophilic substitution X2 in the presence of Fe(lewis acid catalyst) in the absence of light (dark)
Sandmeyer's reaction	Aniline + freshly prepared ---> Benzene diazonium chloride Benzene diazonium chloridr in the presence of Cu2X2 and HCl to give halobenzene
Gattermann reaction	Benzene diazonium chloride is heated with copper in HCl to get chlorobenzene with evolution of N2
Balz Schiemann	Benzene diazonium chloride is heated with fluoroboric acid to get fluoro benzene with evolution of N2
preparation of iodobenzene	Benzene diazonium chloride is heated with aq KI to get iodobenzene along with evolution of N2
Raschig's process	chlorobenzene is obtained by heating a mixture of benzene vapours amd hydrogen chloride and air at 300°c in presence of cupric chloride
Finkelstein reaction	chloro or bromo alkane are geated with sodium iodide in acetone to get iodoalkane
Swarts reaction	Fluoro alkanes are prepared by action of silver fluoride or mercuroys fluoride on chloroalkanes

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