Chapter 18 - Development of a Human Foetus

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Year 11 ATAR Human Biology Chapter 18 - Development of a Human Foetus (UNIT 2)
Zita Wormuth
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Describe some of the foetal development characteristics evident at 3 months of pregnancy - Forelimbs developed - Eyelids closed - Outer ear completed - Bone marrow formed - Blood cells formed in bone marrow - Sex distinguishable
Describe some of the foetal development characteristics evident at 4 months of pregnancy - Arms and hands fully shaped - Skeleton completed - Exercising of muscles evident - Ears stand out from head
Describe some of the foetal development characteristics evident at 5 months of pregnancy - Fine hairs cover body - Gripping reflexes - Increased growth
Describe some of the foetal development characteristics evident at 6 months of pregnancy - Respiratory movements - Digestive glands functioning - Tooth buds evident - Eyebrows & eyelashes
Describe some of the foetal development characteristics evident at 7 months of pregnancy - Period of greatest growth - All systems but respiratory functional
Describe some of the foetal development characteristics evident at 8 months of pregnancy - Accumulation of fat beneath skin - Growth slowed - Baby could survive if born prematurely at this month
Describe some of the foetal development characteristics evident at 9 months of pregnancy - Eyes open - Nose formed - Sucking and grasping reflexes - Fine body hair is shed
List some effects on the mother during pregnancy - Abdominal growth from uterus (duh) - Weight gain - Increase in heart size - Enlargement of breasts - Increased blood flow & urine prod. - Pressure on the bladder, feeling of needing to pee
What diet factors should the mother consider during the pregnancy - Increase energy intake - Increase protein intake - Increase of calcium, ion & folic acid intake & not to do with diet, but she should also exercise
What are congenital disorders? Defects or diseases present at birth
What are some factors that can cause congenital defects - give examples of defects they can cause 1. Infections e.g. Rubella 2. Maternal diet e.g. listeriosis 3. Alcohol e.g. FASD 4. Smoking e.g. SIDS 5. Chemicals e.g. limb malformation from thalidomide
List 7 methods of diagnosing foetal health 1. Ultrasound 2. Chromosome analysis 3. Fetoscopy 4. Foetal blood sampling 5. Foetal monitoring 6. Biochemical analysis 7. DNA probes
How do ultra sounds work? High frequency waves produce an image of the foetus
One treatment of infertility is Artificial insemination by donor (AID), how does it work? Where donor's semen in injected to into woman's vagina
How does IVF work Where a man's sperm is used to fertilise a woman's egg in a laboratory and is then implanted into the woman's uterus
How does GIFT work? AKA Gamete Intrafallopian transfer Where egg and sperm are mixed together and injected into the uterine tubes. It is hoped that the gametes will fertilise this way
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