Karteikarten
Schizophrenia- Researchers and their research (A2)
Karten in diesem Stapel (27)
- 1ResearcherResearch Area, Findings, and Conclusions
- 2Cheniaux et al. 2009Inter-rater reliability
Comparison of two psychologists who had to independently diagnose 100 patients
P1- DSM: 26, ICD: 44
P2- DSM: 13, ICD: 24 - 3Cheniaux et al. 2009Criterion validity
Comparison of two psychologists who had to independently diagnose 100 patients with the DSM and ICD
Diagnosed nearly half as many with the DSM as with the ICD
Diagnostic systems don't reach same conclusions - 4BuckleyCo-morbidity
Depression: 50%
Substanceabuse: 47%
PTSD: 29%
OCD: 23% - 5LongeneckerGender Bias
Men more likely to be diagnosed, however this may be because women are under-diagnosed as they can function better and don't display symptoms as obviously.
This questions the validity of the diagnosis systems - 6GottesmanConcordance rates
47% in MZ twins
17% in DZ twins
6% in siblings
1% in population
Suggests some genetic basis, but not sole cause - 7Ripke 2014Candidate genes
Meta-analysis which found 108 gene combinations linked to schizophrenia, with some coding for dopamine - 8Curran et al. 2004Role of dopamine agonists
Found people who took amphetamines produced schizophrenic positive symptoms, like delusions
Supports role of hyperdopaminergia - 9Tauscher 2014Role of dopamine antagonists
Found positive schizophrenic symptoms in people who took anti-psychotics were reduced
Supports the role of hyperdopaminergia - 10Ripke 2014Role of glutamate
Found that genes associated with schizophrenia sometimes coded for glutamate, not dopamine. This means that the dopamine hypothesis is not the sole cause of schizophrenia - 11JukelNeural correlates and negative symptoms
Found low levels of activity in the ventral striatum of schizophrenic patients. The lower the activity, the severer the symptoms - 12Fromm-Reichmann 1948Schizophrenogenic mother
Interviewed schizophrenic patients, many of which reported cold and dominant mothers. Suggested a schizophrenogenic mother caused secrecy, conflict and paranoia, hence causing the onset of schizophrenia - 13Bateson 1972Double bind theory
Faulty communication in families caused patients to develop strategies to avoid the double bind situation, leading to symptoms like the flat effect, social withdrawal and avolition - 14Berger 1965Supporting evidence for the double bind theory
Found schizophrenic patients reported higher levels of double bind situations than non-schizophrenic patients - 15Liem 1974Opposing evidence for double bind
Communication styles in families with and without a schizophrenic family member was the same. The double bind theory cannot be the sole cause of schizophrenia - 16Kavanagh 1992Negative expressed emotion
Relapse rates in patients who returned to high levels of NEE was 48%, while those who returned to low levels of NEE was 21% - 17StirlingLack of central control
Schizophrenics took twice as long to do the Stroop test - 18Thornley 2003Typical drug therapy effectiveness
Compared effects of chlorpromazine to a placebo and found the drug to improve functioning, reduce relapse rates, and reduce symptom severity - 19Meltzer 2012Atypical drug therapy effectiveness
Clozapine effectively cured 30-50% of treatment resistant patients - 20NICECBT effectiveness
CBT was more effective than drug therapy, improving functioning, reducing relapse rates and decreasing severity of symptoms - 21Jauhar 2014CBT effectiveness
CBT only had small therapeutic effect, and the effect disappeared if the researcher didn't know which patients underwent CBT. This suggests CBT isn't that effective - 22Pharoah 2010Family therapy
Found it increased compliance to medication and decreased relapse rates - 23Azran and Ayllan 1968Token economies
Found women who did token economy systems exhibited the desired behaviours, hence indicating token economies were effective - 24MeehlDiathesis-stress model
Created the original diathesis-stress model for schizophrenia, including the schizogene and schizotypic personality, and the stress as a trigger - 25Houston 2008Diathesis-stress model
Suggested vulnerability was childhood sexual trauma, and trigger was smoking cannabis - 26TienariDiathesis-stress model
Children with schizophrenic biological mothers and adoptive mothers who exhibited NEEs were most likely to develop schizophrenia. Combination of genes and external factor to cause onset. - 27TarrierInteractionist treatment
Compared CBT+drugs, counselling+drugs, and just drugs, and found the combinations to be more effective
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- Beschreibung
- AS level Psychology (Researchers and their research) Karteikarten am Schizophrenia- Researchers and their research (A2), erstellt von Grace Fawcitt am 10/12/2017.
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- Grace Fawcitt
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