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| Frage | Antworten |
| Three main cell types... | Somatic, Germline and Stem cells |
| Differentiation | Results in cells becoming specialised to perform a specific role that is characterised by that cell type. Only genes required by the cell type are expressed. |
| Differentiation of Somatic Cells | Undergo MITOSIS to create more somatic cells. These then form four different body tissue types. No mutations will be passed to offspring. |
| Four body tissue types produced by the differentiation of Somatic cells | Epithelial, connective, muscular and nervous tissue. |
| Four body tissue types: Epithelial Tissue | Outer body surface and line inner body cavities. Acts as protection, absorbs nutrients, promotion of diffusion... |
| Four body tissue types: Connective Tissue | Most abundant, widely distributed and varied tissue type. Binds organs together/ holds organs in place. (Bone, Cartilage & Blood). |
| Four body tissue types: Muscle Tissue | Enables voluntary and involuntary movement. |
| Four body tissue types: Nervous Tissue | Found in the central and peripheral nervous system, they are responsible for carrying electrical and chemical signals and impulses for the brain and CNS to the periphery nerves. |
| Differentiation of Germline Cells | Gamete Mother Cells. The nucleus can divide by MITOSIS (to produce diploid germline cells) or MEIOSIS (to produce haploid gametes). Mutations in these cells will be passed on to offspring. |
| Differentiation of Stem cells | Embryonic Stem cells and Adult Stem cells. -Self renew -Unspecialised |
| Stem cells: Embryonic | Pluripotent- Can differentiate into any type of human cell. |
| Stem cells: Adult | Multipotent- can differentiate into many but not all cells types. Adult stem cells in bone marrow can differentiate into red blood cells, platelets and various phagocytes and lymphocytes. |
| Cancer Cells | Divide excessively to produce a mass of abnormal cells called a tumour. Do not respond to regulatory signals and may fail to attach to each other. |
| Secondary Tumours | Cancer cells that fail to attach to each other can spread through the body to form secondary tumours. |
| *Haploid *Diploid | *One set of chromosomes *two set of chromosomes |
| *Meiosis *Mitosis | *cell division resulting in four haploid gametes *division of the nucleus of somatic or germline cells, giving two diploid daughter cells |
| Mutation | Random change in DNA sequence |
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