Karteikarten
Radiation
Karten in diesem Stapel (22)
- 1Henri BecquerelUranium salts emit radiation --> photographic plate
- 2RadiationThe spontaneous breaking up of unstable nuclei resulting in the emission of radiation
- 3What elements were isolated by Marie and Pierre Curie?Polonium, Radium
- 4What are the three types of radiation?Alpha, beta, gamma
- 5What is used to detect radioactivity?A Geiger-Müller Tube
- 6How does this tube work?A gas is ionised by alpha, bet or gamma radiation and the resulting electric current is amplified and detected.
- 7Alpha particles or...helium nuclei (2 protons and 2 neutrons)
- 8Properties of alpha particlesPositively charged
Can't penetrate the skin / paper (pentrating ability = low)
Damage human cells
Are deflected in a magnetic or electrical field - 9Uses of alpha particlesIn smoke detectors (Americium 241)
- 10How does a smoke detector work?Smoke detectors contain a radioactive source - Am-241, and a detector. They sense a change in the amount of radiation (alpha particles) reaching the detector in the presence of smoke.
- 11What are the harmful effects of alpha particles?Cause cancer, e.g. radon-alpha emitter causes lung cancer
- 12Beta particles or...electrons
- 13Properties of beta particlesModerate pentrating ability (stopped by 5mm aluminium)
Negative charge
Delflected in magnetic/electrical fields - 14Uses of beta particlesCarbon-14 dating
All living organisms contain Carbon-14 and Carbon-12
When the organism dies, the carbon-14 will decay
The ratio of Carbon-14 to Carbon-12 gives the age of the organism. - 15Harmful effects of beta particlesCause cancer
- 16Gamma rays are...High energy electromagnetic radiation
- 17Properties of gamma raysNo charge
High penetrating ability (stopped by lead)
No effect in magnetic/electrical fields - 18Uses of gamma raysFood preservation by irridation (Cobalt-60)
Cobalt-60 used in the treatment of cancer - 19The differences between chemical and nuclear reactionsIn a chemical reaction, the reaction involves a change in the distribution of electrons --> no new element can be formed
In a nuclear reaction, the reaction involves changes in the nucleus --> new elements can be formed - 20RadioisotopesUnstable, radioactive isotopes
- 21Half-life of a radioactive isotopeThe amount of time it takes for half of the atoms in the sample to decay e.g. Am-241 has a half-life of 400 years
- 22Background radiationRadiation that surrounds us all the time
Sources include: the decay of radioisotopes in rocks resulting in the emission of radon gas
Nuclear waste
Weapons testing
Medical sources such as the use of cobalt-60 in cancer treatment and in medical X-rays.
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- Leaving Certificate Chemistry (Radioactivity) Karteikarten am Radiation, erstellt von eimearkelly3 am 01/07/2013.
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- eimearkelly3
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