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Unit Test on Development Chapter 2
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- 1Piaget's Theory of DevelopmentAs we are constantly striving to make sense of the world, our thinking processes change slowly from birth to maturity.
- 2Key Influences1. Piaget believed children "construct" categories of knowledge
- 3Key Influences2. Herbert Spencer, "Otogeny recapulates phylogeny"
Development of the individual follows the same pathway as the development of species
ex: questioning the existence of Santa Clause - 4Key Idea1. Genetic Epistemology- The origin of Knowledge
~ How does the child come to understand? - 54 Factors that Influence the way we think of the world (Cognitive Development)1. Biological Maturation
2. Activity (Physical experience w/the environment
3. Social Transmission
4. Equilibration - 61. Biological MaturationThe unfolding of the biological changes that are genetically programmed.
- 72. Activity (physical experience with the environment)With physical maturation, increased ability to interact with the environment and learn from it, explore, test, observe, organize info. Eventually are able to alter our thinking process simultaneously.
- 83. Social TransmissionLearning from others.
- 94. EquilibrationThe act of searching for balance.
- 10Piaget- Functional Invariants ORGANIZATIONInternal- making sense of the world
~Arrange order
~Rearrange
~Systematize - 11Piaget- Functional Invariants ADAPTATIONExternal- Adjusting to the environment
- 12Piaget- Functional Invariants ASSIMILATIONNew info fits into w/existing schema
- 13Piaget- Functional Invariants ACCOMODATIONAdjusting existing schemas to make sense of new info
- 14Piaget- Functional Invariants Goal: COGNITIVE BALANCEEquilibrium
-driving mechanism underlying cog dev
- self correcting system
Disequilibrium
-" out of balance" - 153 Types of Schema1. Behavioral
2. Symbolic
3. Operational - 161. BehavioralSensorimotor
-designing a circuit - 172. SymbolicRepresentational
-Language - 183. OperationalLogical mental operations
- 19SCHEMAallows us to organize how we do things, to make sense of the world.
- 20Piaget's 4 Stages of Cognitive Development1. Sensorimotor
2. Pre-operational
3. Concrete Operational
4. Formal Operational - 211. SensorimotorAge: 0-2 yrs
Characteristics:
*object permanence
*imitates others
*shifts to symbolic thinking - 222. PreoperationalAge: Time child starts talking-7yrs
Characteristics:
*Dev. of language and use of symbols to rep. objects
*Thinks in the present
*Difficulty of understanding other peoples perspectives - 233. Concrete OperationalAge: Beginning of 1st grade to 11yrs
Characteristics:
*understands past, present, future
*understands conservation
*able to organize things into categories and series - 244. Formal OperationalAge: Adolescence to Adulthood
Characteristics:
*can think hypothetically and deductively
*can consider multiple perspectives
*thinks scientifically - 25Vygotsky's Sociocultural TheoryCognitive development and learning, take place in social and cultural contexts.
- 263 Key ideas1. Children possess natural abilities that are biological in nature.
- 273 Key Ideas2. Social interactions transform those lower, natural abilities into higher mental functions.
- 283 Key Ideas3. Human development is mediated by tools
- 29Tools PHYSICALMediators between human and the environment
- 30Tools PSYCHOLOGICAL-Mediates between the mind and information classification
-Language, symbol system, math
- Strategies, outlines
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