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- 1BandwidthBandwidth refers to how much data you can send through a network or modem connection.
- 2BitmapMost images you see on your computer are composed of bitmaps. A bitmap is a map of dots, or bits (hence the name), that looks like a picture as long you are sitting a reasonable distance away from the screen.
- 3BooleanThis is the logic that computers use to determine if a statement is true or false.
- 4Boot SequenceEach time a computer boots up, it goes through an initial series of processes. During the boot sequence, the computer activates the necessary hardware components and loads the appropriate software so that a user can interact with the machine.
- 5CacheA cache stores recently-used information in a place where it can be accessed extremely fast. A Web browser like Internet Explorer uses a cache to store the pages, images, and URLs of recently visited Web sites on your hard drive.
- 6Computer EthicsEthics is a set of moral principles that govern the behavior of a group or individual.
- 7DebuggerEven the most experienced software programmers usually don't get it right on their first try. Certain errors, often called bugs, can occur in programs, causing them to not function as the programmer expected.
- 8DefragmentDefragmenting your hard disk is a great way to boost the performance of your computer.
- 9Dial-upA dial-up connection uses a modem to connect to an ISP or another computer. It uses standard analog phone lines to transfer data up to 56 Kbps.
- 10DNSStands for "Domain Name System." The primary purpose of DNS is to keep Web surfers sane. Without DNS, we would have to remember the IP address of every site we wanted to visit, instead of just the domain name.
- 11EncryptionEncryption is the coding or scrambling of information so that it can only be decoded and read by someone who has the correct decoding key.
- 12External Hard DriveIf the internal hard drive becomes full or if the user wants to back up the data on the internal hard drive, and external hard drive may be useful.
- 13FirewallA computer firewall limits the data that can pass through it and protects a networked server or client machine from damage by unauthorized users.
- 14GibibyteA gibibyte is a unit of data storage that equals 2 to the 30th power, or 1,073,741,824 bytes.
- 15GPUStands for "Graphics Processing Unit." Like the CPU (Central Processing Unit), it is a single-chip processor. However, the GPU is used primarily for computing 3D functions.
- 16Hard DriveThe hard drive is what stores all your data. It houses the hard disk, where all your files and folders are physically located. A typical hard drive is only slightly larger than your hand, yet can hold over 100 GB of data.
- 17HertzHertz (abbreviated: Hz) is the standard unit of measurement used for measuring frequency. Since frequency is measured in cycles per second, one hertz equals one cycle per second.
- 18HTMLStands for "Hyper-Text Markup Language." This is the language that Web pages are written in.
- 19Input DeviceAn input device is any device that provides input to a computer. There are dozens of possible input devices, but the two most common ones are a keyboard and mouse.
- 20Internal Hard DriveAs the name implies, an internal hard drive is a hard drive located inside a computer. Nearly all computers come with an internal hard drive, which serves as the computer's primary storage device.
- 21JPEGJPEG is a compressed image file format. JPEG images are not limited to a certain amount of color, like GIF images are.
- 22Logic GateLogic gates perform basic logical functions and are the fundamental building blocks of digital integrated circuits. Most logic gates take an input of two binary values, and output a single value of a 1 or 0.
- 23MegabyteA megabyte is 2 to the 20th power, or 1,048,576 bytes.
It can be estimated as 10 to the 6th power, or one million - 24MultitaskingA computer's CPU can handle many processes at one time with complete accuracy.
- 25NetworkWhen you have two or more computers connected to each other, you have a network. The purpose of a network is to enable the sharing of files and information between multiple systems.
- 26Network TopologyA network topology describes the arrangement of systems on a computer network. It defines how the computers, or nodes, within the network are arranged and connected to each other.
- 27Open SourceWhen a software program is open source, it means the program's source code is freely available to the public.
- 28OutputData generated by a computer is referred to as output. This includes data produced at a software level, such as the result of a calculation, or at a physical level, such as a printed document.
- 29Output DeviceSince most information from a computer is output in either a visual or auditory format, the most common output devices are the monitor and speakers.
- 30PacketThis is a small amount of computer data sent over a network. Any time you receive data from the Internet, it comes to your computer in the form of many little packets.
- 31ProtocolWhen computers communicate with each other, there needs to be a common set of rules and instructions that each computer follows. A specific set of communication rules is called a protocol.
- 32Quad-CoreQuad-core CPUs have four processing cores. These cores act as separate processors, but reside in a single chip.
- 33RuntimeWhen a program is running, or executing, it is in runtime. The term is mostly used by software developers to specify when errors in a program occur. A "runtime error" is an error that happens while the program is executing.
- 34SamplingSampling involves taking snapshots of an audio or video signal at very fast intervals usually tens of thousands of times per second.
- 35Storage DeviceA computer storage device is any type of hardware that stores data. The most common type of storage device, which nearly all computers have, is a hard drive.
- 36SyntaxThese rules are collectively known as the language syntax. In computer programming languages, syntax serves the same purpose, defining how declarations, functions, commands, and other statements should be arranged.
- 37TebibyteA tebibyte is a unit of data storage that equals 2 to the 40th power, or 1,099,511,627,776 bytes.
- 38TypefaceA typeface is a set of characters of the same design. These characters include letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and symbols.
- 39VirusComputer viruses are small programs or scripts that can negatively affect the health of your computer. These malicious little programs can create files, move files, erase files, consume your computer's memory, and cause your computer not to function correctly.
- 40ZipA zip file (.zip) is a "zipped" or compressed file.