Biology- Evolution

Frage	Antworten
evolution	all of the processes that have transformed life over an immense period of time
adaptation	inherited characteristic that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment
biodiversity	the variety of life on earth
speciation	development of a new species
extinction	elimination of a species
fossil record	chronological collection of life's remains in rock layers recorded during the passage of time
fossil	preserved remains of ancient organisms
homologous structures	similar structure found in more than one species that share a common ancestor
vestigial organ	organ that serves no useful function in an organism
natural selection	process by which individuals better suited to their environments survive and reproduce the most successfully
natural variation	differences among individuals of the same species
Darwinian fitness	the contribution that an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation compared to those genes contributed by others
macroevolution	major biological changes evident in the fossil record
microevolution	generation-to-generation change in the frequencies of alleles within a population
gene pool	all the alleles in all the individuals that make up a population
allele frequency	how often certain alleles occur in the gene pool
genetic equilibrium	allele frequencies in a gene pool do not change
genetic drift	change in gene pool due to chance
bottle neck effect	gene pool greatly decrease by natural disaster such as earthquake, volcano, flood, drought, fire , epidemic
founder effect	a few individuals colonize an island, lake or new habitat
gene flow	exchange of genes with another population
immigration	new individuals entering a population
emigration	individuals leaving a population
reproductive isolation	condition in which a reproductive barrier keeps two species from interbreeding
geographic isolation	separation of populations as a result of geographic change or a migration to a geographically isolated place
adaptive radiation	the evolution of many species from a common ancestor because of diverse environments
directional selection	when individuals at one end of the curve have higher fitness than individuals in the middle or other end
stabilizing selection	individuals near the center of the curve have higher fitness than individuals at either ends of the curve
disruptive selection	individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle

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