GoConqr hat ein neues Design! Sag uns, wie es dir gefällt.

Kostenlos registrieren

Karteikarten

Bis2b

ultraviolet72 Englisch 90 Karten

Karten in diesem Stapel (90)

  1. 1acclimationa relatively long-term response by an organism to environmental change
  2. 2acidificationthe ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans caused by uptake of anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere
  3. 3adaptive radiationthe development of many different forms from an originally homogeneous group of organisms as they fill different ecological niches
  4. 4antibodyspecifically binds to a foreign substance in the blood or other tissue fluids and initiates its removal form the body
  5. 5antigenicspecific part of a pathogen protein that the host's immune system recognizes and remembers
  6. 6aposematicspecies that are brightly colored to advertise that they are harmful
  7. 7autopolyploidsunion of unreduced gametes of the same species
  8. 8biogeochemical cyclethe pattern of movement of a chemical element through living organisms and the four components of the physical environment (land, air, freshwater, & oceans)
  9. 9biological controluse of natural enemies to control pests
  10. 10biological evolutionany genetic change in a population that is inherited over several generations
  11. 11biomean environment that is defined by its climactic and geographic attributes and characterized by ecologically similar organisms particularly in dominant plants
  12. 12character displacementwhen species differ more when they are together(sympatric) and alone(allopatric)
  13. 13coadapted gene complexa set of genetic traits which have high fitness when they occur together, but low fitness when not together
  14. 14codona sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule
  15. 15coevolutiontwo or more species affect each other's evolution
  16. 16communityset of species living in a particular place
  17. 17competitiona process that occurs when individuals share resources that are in short supply
  18. 18competitive displacementwhen a later group has caused the extinction of reduction of an earlier group; the later group outcompeted the earlier group
  19. 19cooperationinteractions among individuals in which all benefit
  20. 20cryptic speciesinstances in which two or more indistinguishable species don't interbreed
  21. 21culturalnonmaterial benefits obtained from ecosystems
    ex: recreation and ecotourism
  22. 22denitrificationconversion of soluble nitrogenous compounds to atmospheric N2
  23. 23dispersaldistribution of organisms in space at one moment in time
  24. 24ecological isolationpotential mates don't meet
  25. 25ecological specializationorigination rates are higher for specialized taxa because new species can avoid competing with other species by specializing on unique resources; extinction rates of specialized taxa are higher because they are more sensitive to environmental variation
  26. 26ecosystemall species and their abiotic environment in an area
  27. 27endosymbiosiswhen one organism lives inside the other and the two typically behave as a single organism
  28. 28eutrophicationthe ecosystem's response to the addition of artificial or natural substances, such as nitrates and phosphates through fertilizers or sewage to an aquatic system
  29. 29evapotranspirationthe amount of water pumped into the atmosphere by evaporation from the ground via transportation from vegetation, measure of solar radiation, temperature, & rainfall
  30. 30exponential growthin populations, the increasingly accelerated rate of growth due to the increasing number of individuals being added to the reproductive base
  31. 31facilitationearly species modify the environment in a way that allows later species to colonize
  32. 32fertilizationincreased growth rate, levels off at high concentrations of oxygen, may not occur when nutrients are in short supply, , and short term enhancement decreases in the long run
  33. 33food chaina linear sequence of species(or group of species) where each species feeds exclusively on the next trophic level down the chain
  34. 34food webcomplex trophic relationships among species in an ecosystem
  35. 35founder effectcolonists carry only a small fraction of the total variation in the source causing a loss of alleles in the founding population
  36. 36fundamental nichetotal range of environmental conditions that are suitable for a species existence without the effect of other species
  37. 37gametic incompatibilitygametes fail to produce viable zygotes
  38. 38gene flowmovement of genotypes from one population to another
  39. 39genetic driftrandom change in gene frequencies within populations caused by sampling error
    p=1 allele is fixed p=0 allele is lost
  40. 40genetic revolutionnew populations are different form old populations and the change is so much greater than microevolution within a population
  41. 41genotype-environment interactionthey determine the phenotype of an organism
  42. 42greenhouse effectwarming of the earth caused by higher concentrations of gases that absorb heat
  43. 43heterozygouswhen an individual has different copies of an allele
  44. 44heterosiswhen fitness is higher for heterozygotes then homozygotes
  45. 45heterozygositythe proportion of the population that are heterozygous
  46. 46home rangearea an animal normally lives
  47. 47hybrid inviabilityhybrids have developmental problems
  48. 48hybridizationmixing of different species to produce hybrids
  49. 49inbreedinga form of nonrandom mating where individuals are more likely to mate with relatives than with nonrelatives
  50. 50inclusive fitnessindividual's fitness + relative's fitness
  51. 51incomplete dominancewhen heterozygotes show a phenotype intermediate between those of the two homozygotes
  52. 52intraguild predationthe killing and eating of potential competitors; combination of competition and predation
  53. 53life cyclethe entire span of an organism from fertilization to death
  54. 54limiting similaritythe limit in degree of overlap that will allow species to coexist ~60%
  55. 55locussite on a chromosome occupied by a specific gene
  56. 56microsatellitedsf
  57. 57mycorrhizaeenhances nutrient and water uptake; mutualistic associations of plant roots and fungi
  58. 58natural selectiona process that produces adaptations resulting from differential reproductive success among organisms
  59. 59nitrificationconversion of ammonia into nitrite by nitrosomonas bacteria. Nitrite is then converted back to nitrate by nitrobacteria
  60. 60nonsynonymousresults in amino acid substitution
  61. 61omnivorywhen an animal eats other animals or plants
  62. 62overexploitationmajor problem for valuable animals and plants
  63. 63phenotypic plasticityphenotypic variation within individuals during their lifetime caused by environmental variation
  64. 64phenotypic variationj
  65. 65phylogenythe evolutionary history of an organism based on their genealogical relationship(common ancestry)
  66. 66predationwhen an animal eats another organism
  67. 67principle of allocationall the functions can't be simultaneously maximized which leads to tradeoffs
  68. 68provisioningproducts obtained from ecosystems ex: food, fresh water, fiber
  69. 69realized nichepart of a fundamental niche that a species actually occupies caused by interactions with other species
  70. 70recombinationThe formation of new gene combinations
  71. 71redundancythe presence of additional copies of a gene within a cell
  72. 72regulatingbenefits obtained from regulation of ecosystem processes ex: climate regulation and moderation of extreme weather
  73. 73reinforcementan adaptation to prevent the production of unfit hybrids, usually by strengthening of prezygotic barriers in sympatric populations
  74. 74reproductive valueage specific expectation of future reproduction
  75. 75resistanceability to withstand the effects of a pathogen
  76. 76rhizobia(bacteria)form nodules and are able to convert atmospheric N2 into NH3
  77. 77r-K selectionK: equilibrium species
    r: non-equilibrium species, opportunistic species
  78. 78self-fertilityreduction of gene flow and allowance for adaptation
  79. 79stabilizing selectionpreserves average characteristic of population by favoring average individuals
  80. 80successiontemporal change in community composition
  81. 81supportingservices necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services ex: soil formation and nutrient & biochemical cycling
  82. 82symbiosisintimate association between species
  83. 83territoryan exclusive area used and defended by an individual
  84. 84toitpotencythe ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the different cells in an organism
  85. 85trade-offrelationship between the benefits and costs of a trait in different environments
  86. 86trophic levelthe position of an organism in the ecosystem according to how it obtains energy
  87. 87vectoran agent that carries a pathogen affecting another species
  88. 88vicariancethe separation or division of a group of organisms by a geographic barrier such as a mountain resulting in differentiation of the original group into new species
  89. 89virulencethe ability of a pathogen to cause disease and death
  90. 90zooxanthellaeflagellated protozoans with chloroplasts that live in the gastrodermis of corals

Informationen

Beschreibung
Karteikarten am Bis2b, erstellt von ultraviolet72 am 05/12/2013.
Erstellt von
ultraviolet72
Aufrufe
33
Bewertung

Feedback

Worum geht es?

Wie gefällt dir das neue Design?

Dein Eindruck