Fichas
Bis2b
Fichas del conjunto (90)
- 1acclimationa relatively long-term response by an organism to environmental change
- 2acidificationthe ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans caused by uptake of anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere
- 3adaptive radiationthe development of many different forms from an originally homogeneous group of organisms as they fill different ecological niches
- 4antibodyspecifically binds to a foreign substance in the blood or other tissue fluids and initiates its removal form the body
- 5antigenicspecific part of a pathogen protein that the host's immune system recognizes and remembers
- 6aposematicspecies that are brightly colored to advertise that they are harmful
- 7autopolyploidsunion of unreduced gametes of the same species
- 8biogeochemical cyclethe pattern of movement of a chemical element through living organisms and the four components of the physical environment (land, air, freshwater, & oceans)
- 9biological controluse of natural enemies to control pests
- 10biological evolutionany genetic change in a population that is inherited over several generations
- 11biomean environment that is defined by its climactic and geographic attributes and characterized by ecologically similar organisms particularly in dominant plants
- 12character displacementwhen species differ more when they are together(sympatric) and alone(allopatric)
- 13coadapted gene complexa set of genetic traits which have high fitness when they occur together, but low fitness when not together
- 14codona sequence of three nucleotides that together form a unit of genetic code in a DNA or RNA molecule
- 15coevolutiontwo or more species affect each other's evolution
- 16communityset of species living in a particular place
- 17competitiona process that occurs when individuals share resources that are in short supply
- 18competitive displacementwhen a later group has caused the extinction of reduction of an earlier group; the later group outcompeted the earlier group
- 19cooperationinteractions among individuals in which all benefit
- 20cryptic speciesinstances in which two or more indistinguishable species don't interbreed
- 21culturalnonmaterial benefits obtained from ecosystems
ex: recreation and ecotourism - 22denitrificationconversion of soluble nitrogenous compounds to atmospheric N2
- 23dispersaldistribution of organisms in space at one moment in time
- 24ecological isolationpotential mates don't meet
- 25ecological specializationorigination rates are higher for specialized taxa because new species can avoid competing with other species by specializing on unique resources; extinction rates of specialized taxa are higher because they are more sensitive to environmental variation
- 26ecosystemall species and their abiotic environment in an area
- 27endosymbiosiswhen one organism lives inside the other and the two typically behave as a single organism
- 28eutrophicationthe ecosystem's response to the addition of artificial or natural substances, such as nitrates and phosphates through fertilizers or sewage to an aquatic system
- 29evapotranspirationthe amount of water pumped into the atmosphere by evaporation from the ground via transportation from vegetation, measure of solar radiation, temperature, & rainfall
- 30exponential growthin populations, the increasingly accelerated rate of growth due to the increasing number of individuals being added to the reproductive base
- 31facilitationearly species modify the environment in a way that allows later species to colonize
- 32fertilizationincreased growth rate, levels off at high concentrations of oxygen, may not occur when nutrients are in short supply, , and short term enhancement decreases in the long run
- 33food chaina linear sequence of species(or group of species) where each species feeds exclusively on the next trophic level down the chain
- 34food webcomplex trophic relationships among species in an ecosystem
- 35founder effectcolonists carry only a small fraction of the total variation in the source causing a loss of alleles in the founding population
- 36fundamental nichetotal range of environmental conditions that are suitable for a species existence without the effect of other species
- 37gametic incompatibilitygametes fail to produce viable zygotes
- 38gene flowmovement of genotypes from one population to another
- 39genetic driftrandom change in gene frequencies within populations caused by sampling error
p=1 allele is fixed p=0 allele is lost - 40genetic revolutionnew populations are different form old populations and the change is so much greater than microevolution within a population
- 41genotype-environment interactionthey determine the phenotype of an organism
- 42greenhouse effectwarming of the earth caused by higher concentrations of gases that absorb heat
- 43heterozygouswhen an individual has different copies of an allele
- 44heterosiswhen fitness is higher for heterozygotes then homozygotes
- 45heterozygositythe proportion of the population that are heterozygous
- 46home rangearea an animal normally lives
- 47hybrid inviabilityhybrids have developmental problems
- 48hybridizationmixing of different species to produce hybrids
- 49inbreedinga form of nonrandom mating where individuals are more likely to mate with relatives than with nonrelatives
- 50inclusive fitnessindividual's fitness + relative's fitness
- 51incomplete dominancewhen heterozygotes show a phenotype intermediate between those of the two homozygotes
- 52intraguild predationthe killing and eating of potential competitors; combination of competition and predation
- 53life cyclethe entire span of an organism from fertilization to death
- 54limiting similaritythe limit in degree of overlap that will allow species to coexist ~60%
- 55locussite on a chromosome occupied by a specific gene
- 56microsatellitedsf
- 57mycorrhizaeenhances nutrient and water uptake; mutualistic associations of plant roots and fungi
- 58natural selectiona process that produces adaptations resulting from differential reproductive success among organisms
- 59nitrificationconversion of ammonia into nitrite by nitrosomonas bacteria. Nitrite is then converted back to nitrate by nitrobacteria
- 60nonsynonymousresults in amino acid substitution
- 61omnivorywhen an animal eats other animals or plants
- 62overexploitationmajor problem for valuable animals and plants
- 63phenotypic plasticityphenotypic variation within individuals during their lifetime caused by environmental variation
- 64phenotypic variationj
- 65phylogenythe evolutionary history of an organism based on their genealogical relationship(common ancestry)
- 66predationwhen an animal eats another organism
- 67principle of allocationall the functions can't be simultaneously maximized which leads to tradeoffs
- 68provisioningproducts obtained from ecosystems ex: food, fresh water, fiber
- 69realized nichepart of a fundamental niche that a species actually occupies caused by interactions with other species
- 70recombinationThe formation of new gene combinations
- 71redundancythe presence of additional copies of a gene within a cell
- 72regulatingbenefits obtained from regulation of ecosystem processes ex: climate regulation and moderation of extreme weather
- 73reinforcementan adaptation to prevent the production of unfit hybrids, usually by strengthening of prezygotic barriers in sympatric populations
- 74reproductive valueage specific expectation of future reproduction
- 75resistanceability to withstand the effects of a pathogen
- 76rhizobia(bacteria)form nodules and are able to convert atmospheric N2 into NH3
- 77r-K selectionK: equilibrium species
r: non-equilibrium species, opportunistic species - 78self-fertilityreduction of gene flow and allowance for adaptation
- 79stabilizing selectionpreserves average characteristic of population by favoring average individuals
- 80successiontemporal change in community composition
- 81supportingservices necessary for the production of all other ecosystem services ex: soil formation and nutrient & biochemical cycling
- 82symbiosisintimate association between species
- 83territoryan exclusive area used and defended by an individual
- 84toitpotencythe ability of a single cell to divide and produce all of the different cells in an organism
- 85trade-offrelationship between the benefits and costs of a trait in different environments
- 86trophic levelthe position of an organism in the ecosystem according to how it obtains energy
- 87vectoran agent that carries a pathogen affecting another species
- 88vicariancethe separation or division of a group of organisms by a geographic barrier such as a mountain resulting in differentiation of the original group into new species
- 89virulencethe ability of a pathogen to cause disease and death
- 90zooxanthellaeflagellated protozoans with chloroplasts that live in the gastrodermis of corals
Información
- Descripción
- Fichas sobre Bis2b, creado por ultraviolet72 el 05/12/2013.
- Creado por
- ultraviolet72
- Visitas
- 33
- Valoración