Lung Structure & Function

Beschreibung

Masters Degree Asthma, Allergies and Immunisation Karteikarten am Lung Structure & Function, erstellt von Sukhveer Singh am 07/01/2016.
Sukhveer Singh
Karteikarten von Sukhveer Singh, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Sukhveer Singh
Erstellt von Sukhveer Singh vor mehr als 9 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage Antworten
Role of Respiratory System Ensure: -Adequate intake of Oxygen -Adequate Removal of Carbon Dioxide
Lung Structure
Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic -Fight or Flight -->Airways/Heart/Vasculature -NA at Adrenoceptors Parasympathetic -Rest and digest -->Airways/Heart/GI Tract -ACh at Muscarinic Receptors
Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic -Pre: ACh at nAChR -Post: NA at AdrR Parasympathetic -Pre: ACh at nAChR -Post: ACh at mAChR
Alpha Adrenoceptors Alpha-1 eg. Vascular Smooth Muscle Contraction Alpha-2 eg. Vascular Smooth Contraction/ Pre-junctional regulation of NA release
Beta Adrenoceptors Beta-1 eg. SA node and ventricles in HR/ Force of Contraction Beta-2 eg. Airway Smooth Muscle Relaxation Beta-3 eg. Skeletal Muscle/ Adipose Tissue
Sympathetic Airway Innervation Pathway -Circulating Adrenaline -->Act on Beta-2 ARs on bronchial smooth muscle (relaxation) -->Inhibit mediator release from mast cells -Beta-2 ARs on mucous glands inhibit secretion -Increased Mucous Clearance
Parasympathetic Airway Innervation Pathway -Release ACh to activate M3 receptors -->Bronchoconstriction -->Increase mucous secretion -Sensory Nerves -->Local reflexes/ Irritant response -->Cause coughing/increased mucus
Exercise-Induced Asthma Water loss stimulates mediator release/activates sensory nerves
Sensory nerves -Inflammation upregulation -Local Control: Cold receptors --> Detect temp change -->Mast Cells/ Epithelium/ Sensory Nerves -->Activate mast cells/produce mucous
Causes of Breathlessness -Congenital Conditions -Infection/Inflammation -Cancer -Psychological -Lung degeneration -Cardiac/ Pulmonary embolism -Side effects of drugs
Breathing In -Diaphragm expands thorax -Pressure decreases -Air flows into airways -Intercostal muscles contract -Ribs move UP and OUT
Breathing Out Rest expiration -Diaphragm relaxes -Ribs fall Forced expiration -Intercostal muscles contract -Ribs move inwards Abdominal muscles contract and reduce thorax vol.
Objective Vs Restrictive Objective -Decreased FEV1:FVC -Normal TLC Restrictive -Normal FEV1:FVC -Decreased TLC
Respiratory Acidosis Reduced lung function =Impaired CO2 expiration -->Drop in pH -->Increased plasma HCO3-
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