Karteikarten
cattle-lameness
Karten in diesem Stapel (35)
- 1Why is lameness difficult to assess and you often only notice it in advanced stages?cows try to hide pain
- 2What is the genetic link between lameness and milk production?link between selecting for high production (milk yield) and increased incidence of lameness
- 3What are the effects of lameness on milk and fertility?decreased
- 4Where on the leg is 90% of lameness attributed to?foot
- 5What are 4 common diseases of the foot that cause lameness?footrot
axial wall injury
sole injury
white line disease - 6What is a massively predisposes to lameness (think female cows)? why?calving
get loosening of the ligaments which support the pedal bone
loose BCS- leads to nike effect - 7Why is lameness less of a problem for bulls and heifers?not calving!!
- 8What is the nike effect?Nike fat is the digital cushion. This cushion dissapates shock over the entire pedal bone
When animal losses condition it looses fat from the digital pad-> less dissipation of fat -> more likely to become lame - 9Where does sole bruising usually occur?pressure points of the foot- medial toes of the foot
usually more common on back vs front feet - 10What is white line disease?diseases of haemorrhage, fissure and abscess formation of the abaxial white line
get large underrun areas - 11How do you treat WLD?-remove all of the underrun area
-loose horn should be trimmed away
-Be careful not to remove corium- if it bleeds you have gone too far
-create adequate drainage
-need to shape the hoof once all affected horn removed - 12What causes WLD? what is a common misconception of what causes WLD?pushing and shoving on the race/milking shed
stones- need damage to WL before stones can get in - 13What causes footrot?interdigita necrobacilliosis
- 14How do you treat footrot?penicillin- if only treating once give 3x the normal dose
don't peal back dead tissue
recovers in 3-5 days- otherwise rethink diagnosis - 15What lesions do you see with digital dermatitis?mild, pink, strawberry lesion- then turns red and becomes hyperkeratotic with black scabbing
- 16Is digital dermatitis a problem in NZ?nope- but is oversees- has potential to cause significant disease
no obvious lesions and disappears on its own - 17What are some treatment options of lameness?-Hoof knife
-NSAID carprofen -single long acting shot
-Antibiotics
footbaths- digital dermaititis - 18When would you use antibiotics to treat lameness? what would you use?foot rot
digital dermatitis
-topical antibitoic- oxytetracycline spray
WLD when there is unilateral swelling towards accessory digits - 19When would you do claw amputation? why do amputation?when infected foot has gone past the point where antibiotics can be used
cow can be sent to slaughter not in pain
If its a pet can keep going for 2 years - 20How do you score lame cows?scale of 0-3
0=normal
1=could be lame
2=lame
3=severely lame - 21Describe what a score 1, 2 and 3 cow would look like1-uneven, shorter steps. arched back and lowered head
2- back arched and head slightly bobbing
3- walks slowly, often stops. shortened uneven strides. reluctance to weight bare-obvious - 22What can happen if you delay treatment?lameness occurs on contralateral limb
delayed longer than 2 weeks= makes cow much more likely to go clinically lame later - 23What are the non-cow risk factors of lameness?Track- badly maintained, cow flow on track, Shed- contamination, patience of farmer, space in yard
- 24What is the breed association with lameness?white feet (fresian cows) are more lame
jerseys have significant less lameness
Jerseys have more axial disease than freisans
freisens have more WLD - 25What is it in the shed that predisposes to lameness?pushing and shoving- stress on WL
backing gates
poor cow flow - 26What are backing gates for?Dividing groups of cows- not to push cows up with!
- 27What is it on the track that predisposes cows to lameness?cow flow- rushing cows increases incidence
poor drainage
not wide enough- cows should be comfortable and be able to use whole width of track - 28What are the 5 steps of foot trimming?1-Trim hoof length- 7.5cm
2. balance the claws
3. trim the interdigital space
4. remove pressure from painful claw
5. remove loose and underrun horn - 29Should we put foot blocks on?yes- have to have a reason for not putting one on
Only reason not to is when both claws equally damaged - 30What environmental things may contribute to lameness?muddy and wet paddocks
- 31What are some feeds/management of feeds that contribute to lameness?palm kernel- sharp- can puncture wounds or worsen WLD
barely and wheat- acidosis- effects lameness
sialge- conditions of eating silage involve long periods of time on concrete pad - 32Healthy hoof program -what does the farmer want to achieve?derease lameness- improve cow health-happy cows
save time and money that can be used elsewhere
increase production- milkyield and fertility
reduce culling due to lameness
staff training - 33Healthy hoof program- what does the vet want to achieve?-reduce level of lameness- cow welfare
-more contact and involvement with farmer
-focus on prevention rather then treatment
-less misuse of antibiotics
-increased revenue through training farmer - 34healthy hoof program- what does fonterra want to achieve?-get more milk (less being wasted due to antibitotic tx and cows higher producing)
=increased income
-image- clean and green
-better relationship with farmer - 35healthy hoof program- what does Dairy NZ want to achieve?cow welfare
farming image
more efficent production- paid by farmers
more contact and involvement with farmers- better relationship
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- GCSE Cattle Karteikarten am cattle-lameness, erstellt von Hayley Pfeffer am 04/06/2016.
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