science rocks

Frage	Antworten
rock	a solid mixture of crystals of one or more minerals or other materials
rock cycle	the process by which one rock type changes into another rock type
magma	he hot liquid that forms when rock partially or completely melts below the Earth’s surface
sedimentary rock	rock that forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together
metamorphic rock	rock that forms when the texture or composition of pre-existing rock changes due to heat and pressure
igneous rock	rock that forms from the cooling of magma
composition	the makeup of a rock; describes either the minerals or elements present in it
texture	the sizes, shapes, and positions of the grains that a rock is made of
intrusive	type of igneous rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies beneath Earth’s surface (cools slowly - coarse)
extrusive	the type of igneous rock that forms when lava or pyroclastic material cools and solidifies on the Earth’s surface (cools quickly – fine)
strata	layers of sedimentary rock that form from the deposition of sediment
stratafication	the layering of sedimentary rock
foliated	the texture of metamorphic rock in which the mineral grains are aligned like the pages of a book
nonfoliated	the texture of metamorphic rock in which mineral grains show no allignment
mafic	igneous rock contains a higher composition of iron and magnesium causing the rock to be of darker color
felsic	igneous rock that contains a higher composition of silica minerals giving it a lighter color
formed: metamorphic	heat and pressure
formed: igneous	melting and cooling
formed: sedimentary	compacting and cementing weathering and erosion
formed: metamorphic	heat and pressure
what are rocks turned into from weathering and erosion	sediment
what can all rocks be turned directly into?	sediment
2 characteristics of rock classification	Texture – the roughness of the surface of the rock Composition – the minerals that the rock is composed of (i.e. felsic and mafic).
how do the 3 types of sedimentary rock form	Clastic – composed of fragments of other types of rocks and minerals Chemical – forms from solutions of minerals and water Organic – composed of solid remains of once- living organisms (skeletons and shell)
how to the mineral composition of rocks change under metamorphism	Original minerals change into minerals that are more stable in the new temperature and pressure conditions
what are the differences between felsic and mafic rock? provide examples	Felsic contain more silicate minerals – Granite and Rhyolite Mafic contain more iron and magnesium – Gabbro and Basalt
3 different ways that rock can turn to magma	Temperature – Increase in temperature deep within the Earth’s crust Pressure – The high pressure deep within the Earth is released and as a result the rock turns to liquid Composition – Fluids like water enter a rock and lower the rocks melting point
4 intrusive igneous rock formations	Pluton - Sill - Laccolith (Mushroom) - Batholith -

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