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Description
Flashcards by katy.lynock, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by katy.lynock
over 12 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Endosymbionts Erigone atra 2 | More likely to ballon if not infected with Richettsia Longlivety/reproductive success not effected |
| Population Differentiation and Gene Flow 2 | Individuals of species may be subdivided - spatially distinct populations that differ Mating random in each pop but not between |
| Panmicitc 2 | No subdivision inpopulation population that can freely mix and breed with another to make hybrids Very rare |
| Linyphilid Spiders 2 | Endosymbionts - spiders infected with maternally inherited intracellular bacteria Alter bacteria of host to favour own transmission |
| Models of Genetic Exchange Between Populations 3 | Mediated by movement of individuals Nat. sel. and random genetic drift = contribution the migrating individual makes to gene pool |
| Models of Genetic Exchange Between Populations Assumptions 5 | UNTRUTHFUL All populations are created equal, with N individuals and equal contributions to migrant pool All populations equally close to other populations No selection or mutation Have to assume equally successful movement/breeding/finding of resources |
| Metapopulation Structure 3 | Series of subdivided populations Connected by different migration rates Physical barriers may affect migration also |
| Endosymbionts Acraea Butterflies 3 | Riokettsia bacteria Kills off males off = lack of males = females lekking as reserved competition |
| Selective Sweeps 5 | Loci not always inherited independly Co-inherited traits/genes 'swept' to high frequency with ones under selection = reduced genetic diversity Can be caused by maternally acquired endosymbionts Bacteria promotes own transmission by increasing of infected females 1st females alleles swept to high frequency |
| Endosymbionts Tetranychus Spider Mites 3 | Wolabachia infect females Aggregate offspring Promote sibling mating |
| Endosymbionts Gryllus Crickets 2 | Closely related species, normally reproductivelly isoloated from each other Curing of Wolbachia infection = viable hybrids |
| Population Structure and Heterozygosity 6 | Individual population may/may not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Structured population - overall number of heterozygotes can be fewer than expected Population structure unknown - Difficult to distinguish between TRUE heterozygotic deficiency and APPARENT heterozygotic deficiency Use markers to tell level of population subdivision |
| Metapopulation Structure and Gene Flow 3 | Amount of genetic exchange on strength of selection No selection = migration very strong force for equalising gene frequency between populations Selection = genetic differentiation maintained despite migration |
| Patterns From the Past 5 | Geographical distribution reflect primarily colonisation history 3 migration routes through Europe following last glaciation = hybrid zones Grasshoppers up mountain sounds different to below Couldn't outcompete each other = sound diff. to mate Overlap/hybrid zones for Ensatina species complx (salamanders) |
| Effective Population Size 1 | Determined by number of individuals contributing to next generation |
| Factors that Influence Population Size Including Fluctuations 4 | Effective population size (Ne) closer to small mean population size Never re-coup what previously lost Lowest number used = disproportionate effect Eh Soay sheep population change in size in cyclical manner |
| Effective Population Size (Ne) Unequal Sex Ratios 3 | Sex biased population = More closely related generations = Less genetic types |
| Effective Population Size (Ne) Unequal sex ratios Example 6 | Eg Racer Spider - Pityohphantes phyrygianus Female biased population Manipulating bacterium? Females genetically determine sex ratio? Sperm has more X chormosomes? Adapt particular position to determine sex of offspring? |
| Endosymbionts Tribolum confusum (Flour Beetles) 2 | Uninfected females produce no offspring if mating with an infected male Infect male more fertile than uninfected male |
| Ne Variation in Reproductive Success Between Individuals 2 | Influences sexually dimorphic population sizes Eg Seals and the beachmasters |
| Ne Population Subdivision 2 | Separate Ne for each of the populations Ne influenced by migration rates between populations and chance of extinction for any particular population |
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