2012520
| Question | Answer |
| knowledge | true, justified belief |
| rationalists | justified on the basis on intuition (think as lacking/without sensory experience) |
| empiricists | justified on the basis of experience |
| Kant | combined rationalism & empiricism the world aroud us is chaotic we experience the world we have certain innate ategories which help organize the information |
| logic | methods for evaluating arguments |
| argument | set of statements, each of which is either true or false |
| conclusion | a statement that is affirmed (or not) by other statements |
| premises | statements which affirm (or fail to) the conclusion |
| logic | methods for evaluating arguments |
| argument | a set of statements, each of which is either true or false |
| Modus Ponens | Affirm the antecedent A->B A so, B |
| Modus Tollens | Deny the consequent A->B ~B So, ~A |
| Disjunctive syllogism | Deny one disjunct A v B ~A so, B |
| Deductive argument | if argument is valid& premises are true conclusion must follow from premises |
| validitiy/Invalidity | Conclusion logically follows from premises |
| soundness | premises are true |
| Deductive argument possibilites | valid and sound valid and not sound |
| Inductive argument | argument is strong and premises are true, conclusion likely follows from premises (probabilistic) |
| Strong/Weak | conclusion logically follows from premises |
| soundness | premises are true |
| abductive logic (retroductive explanations) | used when no universal laws (deductive) or probabilistic generalizations (inductive) exist |
| nomothetic exxplanations | explain a broad class of phenomena rather than a specific situation or event high external validity low internal validity |
| idiographic explanations | explain a single phenomenon in great detail at the expense of generalization low eternal validity high internal validity |
| concepts | abstract representations of a pheomenon...an idea |
| propsitions | statements positing associations between constructs |
| logic | methods for evaluating whether the premises of an argument adequately support its conclusion |
| ad-hoc classificatory system | a set of arbitrary categories constructed in order to organize and summarize phenomena |
| taxonomy | system of logically related categories constructed to fit one or more phenomena |
| conceptual framework | placement of descriptive categories into a structure of explicit propositions |
| theoretical systems | combines taxonomies and conceptual frameworks relates descriptions, explanations, and predictions in a systematic way allows subsequent propositions to be derived |
| Formal theory/axiomatic theory | axioms are basic propositions that are true (or not) a priori can be proved formally using logic and mathematics |
| Good (versus bad) theory | precision parsimony falsifiability replicabiliy |
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