4899633
Description
Flashcards by kskutvonen, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by kskutvonen
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 7 functions of life? | Metabolism Reproduction Growth Response Excretion Homeostasis Nutrition |
| Emergent properties | larger things happens due to interactions betweem small components. "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts." |
| Differentiation | Stem cells becoming specialized. |
| therapeutic uses of stem cells | Stargardt's disease - improves vision. Leukemia - To produce blood cells after chemo therapy |
| Binary fisssion | Cell division in prokaryotes. asexual. genetically identical. |
| Nucleus | contains chromatin made up of chromosomes made up of dna and histones. Has a double membrane with pores. |
| Rough ER | consists of flattened membrane sacs with 80s ribosomes attached. site of protein synthesis. protein is then passed on to the golgi apparatus by vesicles. |
| Golgi apparatus | consists of flattened membrane sacs. processes proteins which are then carried in vesicles to the plasma membrane for secretion. |
| Lysosome | Formed from golgi vesicles. high conc. of protein. contain digestive enzymes used for braking down food, organelles or the cell. |
| Mitochondrion | double membrane forming cristae on the inside. produce ATP for cell respirstion. Fat is digested here. |
| Free ribosomes | 80s ribosomes not surrounded by a membrane. synthesize protein, releasing it to work in the cytoplasm. constructed in the nucleolus. |
| Chloroplast | double membrane with thylakoids (flattened sacs of membrane) on the inside. produce glucose and other organic compunds through photosynthesis. |
| vacuoles and vesicles. | simple structures consisting of a single membrane and fluid. Used to transport materials inside the cell. |
| Microtubules and centrioles. | microtubules are small cylidrical fibres attached to the centriole. move chromosomes during cell division. |
| Cilia and flagella | whip-like structures on the cell surface. contain a ring of nine double microtubules plus two central ones. Flagella are larger and usually only one is present. used for locomotion. |
| hydrophilic/phobic | Substances that are attracted to/repelled by water. |
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