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Description
Flashcards by jim.a.norman, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jim.a.norman
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| The Cheka | Formed in December 1917 Headed by Dzerzhinsky 1918, membership = 120, 1921, membership = 143,000 Not restricted by the law, able to execute enemies without trial. Estimated 50,000 people killed by Cheka by 1918 |
| Removal of Constituent Assembly | SR win election with 40% of the votes, Bolsheviks received 23% Chernov elected as leader, some of Lenin's early policies approved Next day, Bolshevik sailors prevent the assembly meeting again |
| Lenin's early policies | 1917 - 1918 Decree on peace - invited all nations involved in war to start peace negotiations. Decree on land - land was taken from landlords and redistributed amongst the peasantry. Decree on nationalities - allowed the right of self-government to any national group. |
| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | March 1918 Lenin convinces the party to accept the terms of a peace treaty with Germany, ending the war. Lost 1/3 of European land, 1/2 of USSR industrial capacity, had to pay 6 billion marks to Germany. |
| Suppression of the opposition | Oct. 1917 - Jul. 1918 All other political parties were banned from USSR. Cheka used to prevent anti-government demonstrations. Ended with a Bolshevik dictatorship in place. |
| Economic policies | State Capitalism 1917 - 1918 War Communism 1918 - 1921 NEP 1921 |
| State Capitalism | Vesenkha formed to coordinate and plan the economy. Nationalised banks, shipping, railways and some larger factories. Food shortages created by Brest-Litovsk, bread rations fall to 50 grams per day in cities. Majority of workers leave cities to seek food in countryside. |
| War Communism | June 1918, all industry nationalised. (Production focused on the war effort.) Party officials took the roles of factory managers. Civil war disrupted transport of goods, the Allies blocked off communist territory, prevent it from receiving food, population of Moscow and Petrograd were halved (1917, 2.6 million workers in Russia, 1920, 1.2 million.) Began grain requisitioning, hated by peasantry who began growing just enough for themselves. Food shortages led to requisition squads entering the villages and confiscating all grain, including that which the peasants needed. Inflation grew to around 1,000,000% between 1917 and 1922. |
| NEP | Formed to get the peasantry to support the government. Ended grain requisitioning, replaced by the peasants paying a tax of 10% of their crops. Legalisation of a free market, peasants could now sell any surplus. Small businesses legalised. Put an end to the resistance from the peasants. 1922, new currency introduced. |
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