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Description
Flashcards by Emily Moore, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Emily Moore
over 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| PA axial projection: Caldwell -___ & ___ against board -___ perp. to IR -___ perp. to board | -nose and forehead -OML -MSP |
| PA axial projection: Caldwell -CR angled __ degrees ___ to exit at ___. -If AOI is orbital floors, use a ___ degree ___ angle exiting at ___. | -15 degrees, caudad, nasion -30 degree, caudad, nasion |
| What structures are shown on a PA axial: Caldwell? | -orbital rim, maxillae, nasal septum, anterior nasal spine, zygomatic bone |
| What will you see if you angle 15 degrees caudad on an AP axial Caldwell | -petrous ridges in lower 1/3 of orbits |
| what will you see if you angle 30 degrees caudad on an AP axial Caldwell | -petrous ridges below inferior orbital margins |
| Parietoacanthial Projection: Waters Method -extend neck, resting chin on board -adjust head until ___ is perp. to IR -___ forms a ___ angle with IR -___ perp to board -CR perp to IR, to exit at __ | -MML -OML, 37 degree -MSP -acanthion |
| What structures are shown on a Parietoacanthial waters? | -inferior orbital rim, maxillae, nasal septum, anterior nasal spine, zygomatic bone -tripod/blowout fx, FB in eye, deviated nasal septum |
| How do you know if the patient was positioned correctly? | -petrous ridges below maxillary sinuses -equal distance from orbital margin to outer skull margin on each side |
| Reverse Waters Method: Trauma Facial -angle CR ___ so CR parallel to __ -Center CR to ____ | -cephalad, MML -acanthion |
| Facial Bones: Lateral -___ parallel to IR, ___ perp to IR, and ___ perp to front edge of IR | -MSP, IPL, IOML |
| Facial Bones: Lateral -CR perp to ____ = midway between EAM and outer canthus -what structures are shown? | -zygoma -superimposed facial bones = zygoma and mandible. *orbital roofs, sella turcica |
| How do you know if you positioned correctly? | -no rotation of vertical structures: superimposed mandibular rami -no tilt of horizontal structures: superimposed orbital roofs |
| Special Projection: Modified Parietoacanthial Modified Waters Method -extend neck, resting chin & nose against board -___ perp to IR -___ forms a __ angle to IR -___ perp to board | -LML -OML, 55 -MSP |
| Special Projection: Modified Parietoacanthial Modified Waters Method -CR perp, to exit at ____ -strucures shown? | -acanthion -orbital rims, floors, and plates not distorted. Orbital fx and FB in eye |
| How do you know if you positioned patient correctly? | -Petrous ridges projected in lower 1/2 of maxillary sinuses (below orbital rim) -equal distance from orbital margin to outer skull margin on each side |
| Modified Reverse Waters: Trauma -angle CR ___ so CR parallel to ___ -Center CR to ____ | -LML -acanthion |
| Nasal Bone: Lateral -Bilateral for comparison -CR perp, centered to ___ below ___. -Structures shown? | - 1/2 in, nasion -both nasal bones with soft tissue nasal structures -frontonasal suture, anterior nasal spine of maxilla |
| Zygomatic Arches: SMV -raise chin, hyperextend neck until ___ parallel to IR -rest head on ___ of skull -___ perp to board | -IOML -Vertex -MSP |
| SMV -IOML ___ to IR -CR ___ to IOML and IR -CR midway between zygomatic arches, at ___ below ___ ___ (chin). | -parallel -perp -1 1/2, mandibular symphysis |
| -Structures shown on SMV -Correct poisoning/CR | -zygomatic arches lateral from mandibular ramus -Superimposition of mandibular symphysis on frontal bone -no rotation = symmetric zygomatic arches |
| Oblique Inferosuperior Tangential Projection for single arch -both sides for comparison -SMV position then rotate head and tilt chin toward side of interest ___ degrees -___ parallel to IR | -15 -IOML |
| Oblique Inferosuperior Tangential -CR perp to IR and IOML -CR to arch of interest -CR skims ___ ___, passes thru arch, and skims the parietal ____. -IR ____ to IOML and perp to CR | -mandibular ramus, eminence -parallel |
| Oblique Inferosuperior Tangential -purpose of rotation and tilt is to prevent superimposition of ___ over parietal ___. -structures shown -correct positioning | -arch, eminence -zygomatic arch free of superimposition -zygomatic arch without superimposition of parietal bone or mandible |
| AP axial projection: Modified Towne "Jug Handle View" -rest back of skull against board -tuck chin to bring ___ or __ perp to IR -___ perp to bucky | -OML, IOML -MSP |
| AP axial projection: Modified Towne "Jug Handle View" -angle CR __ degrees caudad to OML or ___ degrees caudad to IOML -CR to __ inch above ___ to pass thru mid arches | -30, 37 -1 inch, glabella |
| AP axial projection: Modified Towne "Jug Handle View" -structures shown: -correct positioning: | -bilateral zygomatic arches -zygomatic arches visualized without rotation by symmetric appearance of arches bilaterally |
| Mandible AP axial projection: Towne -rest back of skull against board -tuck chin to bring OML or IOML ___ to IR -___ perp to board -angle CR ___ degrees caudad to OML or ___ degrees cuadad to IOML -CR centered to _____ | -perp -MSP -35 degrees, 42 degrees -glabella |
| Mandible AP axial projection: Towne -structures shown: -correct positioning: | -condyloid processes of mandible and temporomandibular fossa -condyloid processes visualized without rotation by symmetric appearance, lateral to C-spine. Visualization of condyle & TM fossa relationship |
| Mandible PA projection -rest nose & forehead against board -tuck chin to bring ___ perp to IR -MSP ___ to board -CR perp. centered to exit at junction of __ | -OML -perp -lips |
| Mandible PA projection -structures shown: -correct positioning: | -mandibular rami and lateral portion of body -body and mentum of mandible superimposed on C-spine. No rotation = symmetric mandibular rami, lateral to C-spine |
| Mandible PA Axial projection -tuck chin to bring ___ perp to IR -MSP ___ to board -CR angled __-__ degrees ___ centered to exit at the ____ | -OML -perp -20-25 degrees, cephalad, acanthion |
| Mandible PA axial projection -structures shown: -correcting positioning: | -TMJ region, proximal rami, head of condyles, and elongated condyloid processes -body and mentum of mandible superimposed on C-spine. No rotation = symmetric mandibular rami, lateral to C-spine |
| Axiolateral Oblique Projection: how to position: | -(both sides examined for comparison) -place head in true lateral, SOI against IR -Extend chin to prevent superimposition of gonion over C-spine |
| Axiolateral Oblique Projection: how to position: | -rotate head toward IR to place mandibular AOI parallel with IR -To avoid distortion of the AOI: *true lateral = demonstrates ramus *10-15 degrees = general survey of mandible *30 degree rotation toward IR = Body *45 degree rotation toward IR = Mentum |
| Axiolateral Oblique Projection: Central Ray -3 methods to minimize superimposition of opposite mandibular body over mandible of interest: What's the first method? | 1. Combination of head tilt and CR angle not to exceed 25 degrees (angle CR 10 degrees with 15 degree of head tilt) Direct CR to exit mandibular region of interest |
| Axiolateral Oblique Projection: Central Ray -3 methods to minimize superimposition of opposite mandibular body over mandible of interest: What's the second method? | 2. Angle CR 25 degrees cephalad toward IR with no head tilt Direct CR to exit mandibular region of interest |
| Axiolateral Oblique Projection: Central Ray -3 methods to minimize superimposition of opposite mandibular body over mandible of interest: What's the third method? | 3. 25 degree head tilt toward IR with a perp CR Direct CR to exit mandibular region of interest |
| Axiolateral Oblique Projection -True lateral head position demonstrates ___. -Angle CR ___ degrees ___ toward IR with no head tilt -Direct CR to exit ___ region of interest | -ramus -25, cephalad -mandibular |
| Axiolateral Oblique Projection: (true lat) -structures shown: | -ramus of mandible |
| Axiolateral Oblique Projection: (true lat) -Correct CR angulation: -Sufficient neck extension: -Correct head rotation: | -ramus of interest with no superimposition from opposite mandible -ramus & C-spine not superimposed -ramus without foreshortening |
| Axiolateral Oblique Projection: -10-15 degree head rotation toward IR provides a ___ ___ of mandible -Angle CR __ degrees ___ toward IR with no head tilt -Direct CR to exit ____ region of interest | -general survey -25 degrees, cephalad -mandibular |
| Axiolateral Oblique Projection: (General Survey) -Structures shown: | -ramus, condylar & coronoid processes, body, and mentum of mandible nearest IR |
| Axiolateral Oblique Projection: (G.S.) Correctly Positioned criteria: -Correct CR angulation: -Sufficient neck extension: -Correct head rotation: | -mandible closest to IR with no superimposition from opposite mandible -mandible and c-spine not superimposed -mandible without foreshortening |
| Axiolateral Oblique Projection -30 degree head rotation toward IR demonstrates ___. -Angle CR __ degrees ___ toward IR with no head tilt -Direct CR to exit ____ region of interest | - |
| Axiolateral Oblique Projection: (30 degree) -structures shown: -correct CR angulation criteria: -correct head rotation criteria: | -Body of mandible -body of interest with no superimposition from opposite mandible -body without foreshortening |
| Axiolateral Oblique Projection: -45 degree head rotation toward IR demonstrates ___. -Angle CR ___ degree ___ toward IR with no head tilt -Direct CR to exit ____ region of interest | -mentum -25 degrees, cephalad -mandibular |
| Axiolateral Oblique Projection: (45) -structures shown: -correct position: | -mentum of mandible -mentum in profile without foreshortening |
| Axiolateral Oblique Mandible: Trauma -IR parallel to ___ -depress shoulders or elevate chin -head in true lateral -CR ___ degrees ___ and 5-10 degrees posterior CR angle to clear shoulder | -MSP -25 degrees, cephalad |
| SMV projection -raise chin, hyperextend neck until ___ parallel to IR -rest head on ___ of skull -MSP perp to board | -IOML -Vertex |
| SMV -CR ___ to IOML & IR -CR midway between angles of mandible, at ___ in below ___ | -perp -1 1/2, chin |
| SMV -structures shown: -correct neck positioning: | -entire mandible, coronoid & condyloid processes -frontal bone and chin should be superimposed. Mandibular condyles anterior to petrous ridges |
| SMV -no rotation/tilt: | -tilt = equal distance from mandible to skull borders -rotation = symmetric mandibular condyles |
| Panorex -___ parallel to floor -structures shown: | -IOML -demonstrates entire mandible, teeth, TMJs, nasal fossa, maxillary sinus, zygomatic arches, and maxillae |
| TMJ AP Axial: Modified Towne -opened & closed mouth positions for comparison -tuck chin to bring OML or IOML ___ to IR -MSP ___ to board | -perp -perp |
| TMJ AP axial: Modified Towne -Angle CR __ degree ___ to OML or ___ degree ___ to IOML -CR __ inches superior to ____ | -35 degrees, caudad, 42 degrees, caudad -3 inches, nasion |
| TMJ AP axial: Modified Towne -structures shown: -correct position: | -condyloid processes of mandible & temporomandibular fossa -condyloid processes symmetric, lateral to c-spine. Visualization of condyle & TM fossa relationship |
| TMJ Axiolateral Oblique: Modified Law -open & closed mouth positions for comparison -IPL perp to IR, and ___ perp to front edge of IR -From lateral, rotate head toward IR __ degrees | -IOML -15 degrees |
| TMJ Axiolateral Oblique: Modified Law -CR angled ___ degrees ___ centered to ___ inch above upside ___ | -15 degrees, caudad, 1 1/2, EAM |
| TMJ Axiolateral Oblique: Modified Law -structures shown: | -TMJ closest to IR demonstrated -Condyle seen anterior to mandibular fossa |
| TMJ Axiolateral Oblique: Modified Law -correct positioning: | -TMJ of interest without superimposition of opposite TMJ (15 degree rotation prevents superimposition) -TMJ of interest not superimposed by c-spine |
| TMJ Axiolateral Projection: Schuller -opened & closed moth images -IPL perp to IR & ___ perp to front edge of IR -___ parallel with board -CR angled ___ degrees caudad to __ inch anterior & __ inches superior to ___ | -IOML -MSP -30, 1/2, 2, EAM |
| TMJ Axiolateral Projection: Schuller -structures shown: | -closed mouth: condyle in fossa -open mouth: Condyle anterior to fossa |
| TMJ Axiolateral Projection: Schuller -correctly positioned: | -TMJ are demonstrated without rotation by superimposed margins |
| Paranasal Sinuses -to demonstrate air-fluid levels: ___ position with ___ beam | -erect, horizontal |
| Paranasal Sinuses: PA Caldwell -nose & forehead against bucky surface with neck extended to elevate ___ ___ degrees from horizontal -___ perp to bucky | -OML, 15 -MSP |
| Paranasal Sinuses: PA Caldwell -CR horizontal, parallel with floor -CR exits at ___ -Collimate to area of ___ cavities | -nasion -sinus |
| Paranasal Sinuses: PA Caldwell -structures shown: | *** -frontal sinuses *** -ethmoid sinuses lateral to nasal bones |
| Paranasal Sinuses: PA Caldwell -no rotation/tilt: -correct OML/CR alignment: | -equal distance from orbital margin to outer skull margin on each side. Superior orbital fissures symmetric within orbits -petrous ridges in lower 1/3 of orbits |
| Sinus: Parietoacanthial Projection: Waters -Extend neck, resting chin against bucky -adjust head until ___ is ___ to IR -___ forms a ___ degree angle with IR -___ perp to bucky | -MML, perp -OML, 37 -MSP |
| Sinus: Parietoacanthial Projection: Waters -___ CR perp to IR centered to exit at ___ -structures shown: | -Horizontal, Acanthion *-maxillary sinuses free from petrous ridges, oblique view of frontal sinuses, and inferior orbital rim |
| Sinus: Parietoacanthial Projection: Waters -no rotation: -correct neck extension: | -equal distance from orbital margin to outer skull margin on each side -petrous ridges below maxillary sinuses |
| Sinuses: Lateral -MSP ____ to IR, IPL ___ to IR, IOML perp to front edge of IR -Horizontal CR perp to IR midway between ___ ___ and ___ | -parallel, perp -outer canthus, EAM |
| Sinuses: Lateral -Structures shown: | -frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses |
| Sinuses: Lateral -no rotation of vertical structures: -No tilt of horizontal structures: | -superimposed mandibular rami, clinoid processes, EAM -superimposed orbital roofs |
| Sinuses: SMV -Raise chin, hyperextend neck so ___ parallel to IR -Rest head on ___ of skull -___ perp to bucky | -IOML -Vertex -MSP |
| Sinuses: SMV -IOML parallel to ___ -CR perp to ___ & ___ -CR midway between ___ of mandibles, at a level ___ - ___ below ___ symphysis | -IR -IOML, IR -angles, 1 1/2, 2, mandibular |
| Sinuses: SMV -Structures shown: | -sphenoid, ethmoid, & maxillary sinuses and nasal fossa |
| Sinuses: SMV -correct IOML/CR relationship- -No rotation/tilt- | -superimposition of mandibular symphysis on frontal bone. mandibular condyles anterior to petrous ridges -symmetric petrous ridges |
| Parietoacanthial Transoral: Open Mouth Waters Method -Extend neck, placing chin & nose against bucky -___ perp with mouth closed -OML forms a ___ degree angle with IR -MSP perp to bucky Then instruct patient to open mouth = MML no longer perp | -MML -37 |
| Parietoacanthial Transoral: Open Mouth Waters Method -horizontal CR perp to IR centered to exit at ____ | acanthion |
| Parietoacanthial Transoral: Open Mouth Waters Method -structures shown: | -inferior orbital rim, oblique view of frontal sinus -maxillary sinuses free from petrous ridges and sphenoid sinuses seen through open mouth |
| Parietoacanthial Transoral: Open Mouth Waters Method -no rotation: -correct neck extension: | -equal distance from orbital margin to outer skull margin on each side -petrous ridges below maxillary sinuses |
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