123137
Description
Mind Map by sarah.denise, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by sarah.denise
about 11 years ago
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Intra-operative emergencies!
- HAEMORRHAGE
- Obvious
signs: shed
blood at
surgical site,
pallor, weak
pulse,
tachycardia!
- Estimate blood loss!
- Use
crystalloids at
10ml/kg/hr to
cover losses
under normal
conditions!
- 1. Weigh swabs
- 1ml of blood = 1g in weight
- Deduct weight of
dry swab to those
covered in blood
- 1ml of blood = 1g in weight
- 2. Suction bottle contents
- Volume of suction bottle (mls) - volume of flush (mls) = volume of blood (mls)
- Volume of suction bottle (mls) - volume of flush (mls) = volume of blood (mls)
- 3. Other losses - drapes, on floor...etc.
- Use
crystalloids at
10ml/kg/hr to
cover losses
under normal
conditions!
- Haemorrhage comes
vasoconstriction. Need
FLUID THERAPY!
- Less than 10% = crystalloids
- 10-20% = colloids
- Over 20%
= blood
products!
- Less than 10% = crystalloids
- Blood loss (%) = [total blood loss (mls) / normal blood volume (mls)] x 100
- Obvious
signs: shed
blood at
surgical site,
pallor, weak
pulse,
tachycardia!
- HYPOTENSION
- This is LOW blood
pressure (very
common) due to
anaesthetic drugs on
cardiovascular
system to decrease
output and cause
vasoconstriction +
potential for blood
and fluid loss!
- Signs: poor palpable
pulse quality, tachycardia
(compensatory measure).
Can only be identified by
measuring BP!
- Causes: deep anaesthetic, blood loss,
inappropriate tachycardia/bradycardia!
- Tx: Depends on
underlying cause, adjust
anaesthesia depth if
necessary, stop
haemorrhage (vets job), IV
fluid infusion!
- This is LOW blood
pressure (very
common) due to
anaesthetic drugs on
cardiovascular
system to decrease
output and cause
vasoconstriction +
potential for blood
and fluid loss!
- ARRYTHMIAS
- Irregularities of the heart rhythm
that may reduce cardiac output and
cause hypotension!
- If left untreated
some arrhythmias
can deteriorate
into more
dangerous forms
associated with
cardiac arrest e.g.
ventricular
fibrillation
- Causes: deep anaesthetic,
electrolyte/blood gas
abnormalities, pre-existing
heart conditions, some
medical conditions e.g.
GDV
- Tx: depends on underlying cause,
diagnosis with ECG and the use of
anti-arrhythmic drugs. Adjust
anaesthetic and providing
ventilation can restore a normal
rhythm!
- Irregularities of the heart rhythm
that may reduce cardiac output and
cause hypotension!
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