Separating Techniques

Distillation
1. Method: set up apparatus as shown in diagram. Flask should be less than half full. Place an empty tube or beaker to collect distillate. Support this tube in test tube rack. Heat flask of solution using a bunsen burner. Collect a half tube of distillate.
2. Diagram see pg 67
Chromatography
1. Separate colours
  1. Method and diagram Pg 75
Filtration
1. You need to have an insoluble material which can be filtered
  1. Place the mixture bit by bit in the folded filter paper which is supported by the funnel. Collect the filtrate in a beaker or test tube once it passes through the filter paper. The residue will remain in the folded filter paper
Evaporation
1. When something has dissolved, the liquid needs to be evaporated to separate them
  1. The more fine the soluble substance e.g. sugar is, the quicker it dissolves
  2. The hotter the temperature the more the soluble substance dissolves
  3. Liquids such as water evaporate (liquid to gas) to leave compounds which cannot evaporate. E.g. water evaporates leaving calcium carbonate, thus petrifying an absorbent material
2. Heating until the liquid has evaporated and the soluble substance is left
Solvents
1. Dissolves a certain substance e.g. alcohol is a solvent (dissolves) ballpoint pen ink

Resource summary

	Created by Karen Bugeja almost 9 years ago