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3117196
Temperate Coniferous Forest
Description
Mind Map on Temperate Coniferous Forest, created by danielhung3271 on 27/07/2015.
Mind Map by
danielhung3271
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
danielhung3271
almost 9 years ago
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Resource summary
Temperate Coniferous Forest
Structure
2 layers of vegetation
Canopy
Ground forest floor layer
Ground cover limited - lack of sunlight, deep acidic layer of non-decomposed needles
Thin layer of leaf litter
Mosses, lichens, wood sorrel
Needle-like leaves
Adaptation
Needle-like leaves
Small - reduced exposed leaf surface area and thick cuticles on leaves
Consequence - Reduced water loss through transpiration during strong winds/freezing weather (when water is frozen and unavailable for root absorption
very little sap- tolerate freezing contitions
Roots
Spreads out widely to take advantage of moisture in upper levels of ground, which only thaws occasioanally
Thick resinous bark
Protects trunk from extreme cold
Cones
Shield the seeds
Conical shape
Snow slide down without breaking branch
Provides stabiity against strong winds
Evergreen
Carry out year-round photosynthesis - produce food year round
Helps conserve energy, since production of leaves takes a lot of energy
More efficient to keep a leaf for several years
Diversity of Forest
Tree Species
Rarely number more than 2 or 3 species per km square
Extensive coverage of a single species eg spruce, fir, pine
Lower latitude - mix of needleleaf and broadleaf evergreen trees
Higher latitude - needleleaf trees predominate
Trees grow close together for protection from wind
Nutrient Cycle
Cold climate and acidic soil discourage earthworms and bacteria
Consequence - needles decompose slowly to give organic matter in soil with low pH (Acid mor humus)
Total precipitation > Evotranspiration rate
Leaching (minerals washed out of soil) occurs.
Podsols develop. Podsols are infertile acidic soil, with ash-like subsurface
Conifers require few nutrients
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