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Section 1 - Learning from data
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Mind Map on Section 1 - Learning from data, created by eb414 on 27/11/2013.
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eb414
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Section 1 - Learning from data
Types of variable
Qualitative data - take values from a set of categories
Nominal - no natural order
e.g. colour, address
Ordinal - natural order
e.g. degree classification, place in a competition
Quantitative data - take values on a numerical scale
Continuous
Discrete
Data sets
Univariate
Multivariate
Describing distributions
Graphs
Boxplots
Histograms - show the frequencu with which observations of QUANTITATIVE variable fall in specified intervals
Scatter Plots
Empirical Distribution Function - show the proportion of observation that fall below a specified value (uses the indicator function.)
Quantile-quantile plot - uses order statistics and gives a comparison of two distributions
Statistics
Location - describes where on the numerical scale the data tends to fall
Mean
Median - (resistant)
Mode
Quantiles - uses order statistics!
Shape - whether a distribution is symmetric or not
Product moment correlation co-efficient
Yule-Kendall statistic
Positive/Negative skew
Scale - describes how far the data is spread across the numerical scale
Standard Deviation
Inter-quartile range
Variance
Range
Sample statistic - any quantity calculated from a sample
Association
Graphically
Scatter plot
Numerically
Covariance
Correlation
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