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468035
Lecture 1- Introduction
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Mind Map on Lecture 1- Introduction, created by jackharney93 on 07/01/2014.
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Lecture 1- Introduction
eusociality
cooperative brood care
Reproductive division of labour
Overlap of generations- capable of caring for brood
All 3 traits in
Ants
Termites
Some bees
e.g Allodapine bees
Some wasps
Aspects of Eusociality
Communal living
benefits
Costs
Predators
Competition
Selfish herds
Mutual benefits to population
Communal nests
Not Eusocial- no overlap
Protection against predators
Parental care
Benefits-- hence evolution
Behaviour
Protective coating
Feed
Protect
Evolved independently many times
Presociality
Full short of being strictly eusocial
More common that complete eusociality
Aspects
Co-operative brood care
Parental care
Communal nests
Quasisocial
Allodapine bees
Small colonies
Cooperative care by females for larva
Only a single generation which share nest
Reproductive division of labour
Sterile individuals work
Others reproduce-- helped to raise offspring
semisocial-- generation leaves
Overlap of generations
Capable of caring for brood
Communal caterpillars-- belong to same generation
Earwig
Overlap of generations
Care is one directional from parent to offspring
Webspinners
Females stay and care for young
Weave silk as protection
Space shared by several females from overlapped generations
No evidence of co-op--- subsocialtiy
Social Polymorphism
Plasticity
Allodapine bee and halictid bee
Some species are faculatively eusocial
Warm regions overlap of generations-- eusocial
Cooler regions-- solitary-- no overlap of generations
Swap species between environments-- show traits-- adaption.
Behavioural diversity
Primitive
Low worker dimorphism
High worker reproductive potential
High physical agression
Simple division of labour
Complex, eusocial
Complex division of labour
Multiple work polymorphisms-- seperate castes
Conflict-- mediated by pheromones
Taxonomy
Termites
C.2800 species-- all eusocial
All eat cellulose-- symbiotic protozoa in gut
Limited dispersal
Need reinfection
association of kin
Inbreeding
AKA- highly social cockroaches
Own infraorder-- Isoptera
Crypotocercus
most primitive termite
link between termites and cockroaches
Hymenoptera
Ants
Bees
Wasps
Symphyta
Sawflies and wood wasps
C.7000 species-None are eusocial
Most primitive of hymenoptera
Some-- larvae aggregate and show coordinated movement
Apocrita (Parasitica)
Parasitic wasps
C.55,000 species-- non are eusocial
Parasites
Lay eggs on or in other insects
Use host as food
Used in biocontrol
Some seen as pre-social- siblings cooperate in host-- sterile soldiers.
Reproductive division of labour
Cooperative care of young
No overlap of generations
Aculeata
Huge variety of eusociality
Some- non-social
Potter wasps--brood parasites-- not social but provision resources for young
54,000 species-- many eusocial
9 origins of eusociality
Include
Parasitic wasps
Solitary wasps
Bees
Ants
Eusocial wasps
All 9 origins of eusociality are in Aculeata, why?
Only they have parental care
Mothers build nests
Nests reused-- increased relatedness
Provisioning of nest
Pollen (bees)
Prey (wasps)
co-op-- assured fitness return
Other eusocial organisms
Eusocial aphids (hemiptera)
Sterile soldiers
Inhabit galls-- limited dispersal
Eusocial thrips (Thysanoptera)
Soldiers
Limited dispersal
High relatedness and inbred
Eusocial beetle (Coleoptera)
Live in Eucalyptus trees-- limited dispersal
co-op-- overcome tree resin
High relatedness
Snapping Shrimps (Crustacea)
5 different species
1 breeding male
Inhabit sponges
Limited dispersal
Eusocial mole rat
Live underground-- limited dispersal
Feed on underground tubers
Reproductive supression of workers by queen
Naked mole rat-- inbreeding
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