864812
Description
Mind Map by sophie_pollard, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by sophie_pollard
about 10 years ago
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Independence
struggle and
constitutional
reforms:
- India Councils Act 1909-1935
- Government of India has
imprisoned many of
swadeshi movements
leaders
- Dramatically increased the
size of imperial legislative
Council from 16-30 and
provincial legislatures 30-50
- Introduction of electoral
principle based on
property- HE only
enfranchised 1% of
population- majority male
- Government of India is handpicking those who should represent
(those who are nominated). colonial powers can veto anyone
running for election if they are thought to be too extremist
- principle of reserved
seats based on
religious identity-
muslim electorates
appeal to muslims
- introduction of muslim electorates (8/27) was a
result of rich muslim landlords going to the Viceroy.
Claimed they had disproportionately invested into
Northern India. Representation is an acceptance of
this claim- represented proportionately to
investment
- introduction of muslim electorates (8/27) was a
result of rich muslim landlords going to the Viceroy.
Claimed they had disproportionately invested into
Northern India. Representation is an acceptance of
this claim- represented proportionately to
investment
- Minto: muslim interests could be
perpetuated against the Indian National
Congress
- Government of India has
imprisoned many of
swadeshi movements
leaders
- 1915 Defence of India Act:
- significantly curtailed the rights
of Indians during war time
- scores of executions of
suspected terrorists
- largely accepted as necessary sacrifices
of war
- significantly curtailed the rights
of Indians during war time
- 1919 Post War Rowlatt Act
- precipitates the largest civil agitation India has ever seen
- extension
of civil
liberty
curtailment
- stressful society after war, e.g. starvation
- precipitates the largest civil agitation India has ever seen
- 1919 Government of India Act
- 'the gradual development of self governing institutions with a view to the realisation of responsible Govt of India as part of British Empire'
- Introduction of Diarchy
- increased the
number of people
eligible to vote to
1.5mn. INC wanted
women included
- 'the gradual development of self governing institutions with a view to the realisation of responsible Govt of India as part of British Empire'
- 1927 Simon Commission
- a review of dyarchy.
- regarded as a slap in the face,
no indians, no one consulted.
- In response, Nehru releases his report in 1928
- we will decide what is best for India.
- sets out a fundamental list of rights
for Indians
- completely ignored by
government of India.
- results in Round Table Conferences
- we will decide what is best for India.
- a review of dyarchy.
- 1935 Government of India Act
- to end indian frustration with Dyarchy
- introduction of responsible government in
provinces
- 1/6th of adults enfranchised
- Gave all provinces full
representative and elective
governments, chosen by franchise
now extended to some 30 mn
retained veto powers
- to end indian frustration with Dyarchy
- 3 views on constitutional reform:
- 1. British intervention in India was always designed/intended to raise societies
up - civilise them through colonisation. teaching forms of modern conduct.
therefore British rule in India was always meant to come to an end. Being too
hard on the british? medicine, railways, democracy. reform was part in parcel of
british rule- stepping stones to freedom
- 2. Each change and reform was designed only to cede as
little as possible to appease agitation. Manipulating
attempts to create collaborators. Paramouncy- princes
recognise the paramouncy of the british monarchy. were
constantly reassured that all constitutional reform would
not affect their territories
- 3. they ceded no control at all- disguise
- 1. British intervention in India was always designed/intended to raise societies
up - civilise them through colonisation. teaching forms of modern conduct.
therefore British rule in India was always meant to come to an end. Being too
hard on the british? medicine, railways, democracy. reform was part in parcel of
british rule- stepping stones to freedom
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