Data, information, knowledge and processing - created from Mind Map

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Data, information, and knowledge

Data: raw number, letters, symbols, sounds or images

Information: data with context and meaning

Knowledge: information to which human experience has been applied

Sources of data

Static data: data that does not normally change

Quantity of information

Dynamic data: data that changes automatically without user intervention

Direct data source: data that is collected for the purpose for which it will be used

Indirect data source: data that was collected for a different purpose (secondary source)

Checking the accuracy of data

Accuracy: information that is inaccurate is clearly not good enough. Data must be accurate in order for it to be considered of good quality

Coding, encoding and encrypting data

Relevance: information must be relevant to it's purpose​.

Age: information must be up to date inorder to be useful

Level of detail: there needs to be right amount of information for it to be good quality

completeness: all information that is required must be provided inorder for it to be of good quality

Verification: ensures data entered into the system matches the original source

Validation: the process of checking dta matches acceptable rules

Proof reading: checking information manually

Visual checking: a method of verification can be for the user to visually check that the data entered matches the original source

Double data entry: another method of verification is to input dta into the computer system twice

Presence check: is used to ensure that data is entered

Range check: ensures that data is within a defined range

Type check: ensures that data must be of a defined data type

Length check: ensures data is of a defined length or within a range of legths

Format check: ensures data matches a defined format

Lookup check: tests to see if data exists in a list

Consistency check: compares data in one field with data in another field that already exists within a record to see whether both are consistenet with each other

Check digit: is a number (or letter) that is added to the end of identification number being input

Encryption: scrambling data so it can be understood without a decryption key to make it understandable if interceptted

Encoding: storing data in a specific format

Coding: representing data by assigning a code to it for identification

Symmetric encryption: this is the oldest method of enryption. it requires both the sender and recipient to processes the secret encryption and decryption key

Asymmetric encryption: is also known as public key cryptography, it also overcomes the problems of symmetric encryption keys being intercepted by using a pair of keys (public and private key0

Hard disk: disk encryption will encryption will encrypt eery single bit of data stored on a disk, this is different to encrypting single files

Email: email encryption uses asymmetric encryption, this means that emails must have a private key

Caeser cipher: a cipher is a secret way of writing, caeser cipher is sometimes known as a shift cipher because it selects replacement letters by shifting along the alphabet

HTTPS: hypertext transfer protocol secure

TLS: transport layer security

SSL: secure sockets layers

Images: encoding is also used to store images ata the most basic level, images are encoded as bitmaps

Text: is encoded as a binary number

Sound: when sound is encoded the sample rate, bit depth and bit rate are stored

Video: when video is encoded it needs to store images as well as sound