Organic Chemistry Tips

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Chapter:

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

-alk. Kmno4 converts to acid

-CrO3 converts alcohol to aldehyde

-phenol is ortho and para directing group

-ketone to alcohol req. LiAlH4 or NaBH4

-anisole- ortho para directing group

-Luca's reagent Zn/HCl- not for prim. alcohol

-oxygen stays with bigger grp-reaction of ether with HX

-COCH3 is a meta direc. grp

Ester reacts with water after esterification hence it should be removed once esterification occurs.

Chapter:

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Dist b/w aldehyde and ketone : tollen's test/fehling's test

Chapter:

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Chapter:

Amines

carbylamine test- only primary amines, foul smelling cpds formed(isocyanides)

CHCl3+ethan. KOH

alk. Kmno4 converts to acid

Hinsberg Test- Benzene Sulphonyl Chloride (C6H5SO2Cl)

Azodye test- only aromatic amines (dil HNO3 +NaNO2+HCl plus 2-Naphthol gives orange azodye)

Nitration takes place in acidic med, therefore aniline becomes anilinium ion and turns into a meta directing grp.