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Science- Test 1- Soil

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8th grade Science Test sobre Science- Test 1- Soil, creado por Shreya Sehgal el 16/12/2017.
Shreya Sehgal
Test por Shreya Sehgal, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Shreya Sehgal
Creado por Shreya Sehgal hace más de 6 años
42
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
What is the term to match with this definition? The mechanical and chemical processes that change objects on Earth's surface over time. It is able to break, wear, abrade, and chemically alter rocks.
Respuesta
  • erosion
  • weathering
  • deposition

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
What is mechanical weathering? Check all that apply.
Respuesta
  • Physical processes naturally break rocks down
  • Rocks can be chemically altered
  • Rocks are broken down into smaller pieces called sediment

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
True or False- Sand, silt, and clay make up sediment.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
What are the largest soil pieces?
Respuesta
  • Silt
  • Clay
  • Sand

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
What are the smallest soil pieces?
Respuesta
  • Clay
  • Sand
  • Silt

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
[blank_start]Sediment[blank_end] forms when weathering breaks rocks down into smaller and smaller pieces.
Respuesta
  • Sediment

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
How can changing the chemical makeup of the rock affect the rock? Check all that apply
Respuesta
  • Changing the chemical makeup of the rock doesn't affect it at all
  • Changing the chemical makeup often makes it easier for the rock to break down
  • Changing the chemical makeup of the rock makes it harder to break down the rock
  • Changing the chemical makeup of the rock makes the rock weaker so it will wear easier.

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
The chemical makeup of a rock is NOT changed by [blank_start]mechanical weathering[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • mechanical weathering
  • chemical weathering

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
The total surface are of something [blank_start]increases[blank_end] when it is broken into smaller pieces.
Respuesta
  • increases
  • remains the same
  • decreases

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
True or False- Surface are is the amount of space outside an object.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
What are the causes of MECHANICAL weathering? Check all that apply.
Respuesta
  • Thermal Expansion
  • Animal Actions
  • Carbonic Acid
  • Ice Wedging
  • Water
  • Abrasion
  • Oxidation
  • Acid Rain
  • Plant Growth

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
What is thermal expansion?
Respuesta
  • The temperature of a forest fire causes nearby rocks to expand
  • The heat from fire or a hot summer day causes rocks to burn.
  • The heat from the sun causes rocks to contract and wither, breaking them.
  • The temperature of a forest fire causes rocks to crack
  • both A and D
  • both A and B

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Another word for ice wedging is [blank_start]frost wedging[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • frost wedging

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
What is the process of ice wedging in order?
Respuesta
  • 1. Water enters cracks in rocks 2. Ice expands 3. Crack widens
  • 1. Water enters cracks in rock 2. Water freezes when the temperature drops 3. Ice expands 4. Crack widens 5. Repeated freezing and thawing eventually breaks the rock
  • 1. Ice is previously in the rock 2. Ice breaks the rock 3. Ice expands. 4. Freezing and thawing cracks the rock

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
What is abrasion? Check all that apply.
Respuesta
  • The wearing away of rock by friction or impact
  • When rocks bump into each other in a stream or by wind.
  • A mechanical process
  • None of the above
  • All of the above

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Plant growth is when plants grow in a [blank_start]crack[blank_end] in the rock. The plant then absorbs [blank_start]minerals[blank_end] from the rock, making it weaker. Then, the roots of the plant get wider, pushing on either side of the crack and breaking it.
Respuesta
  • crack
  • minerals

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
What are animal actions?
Respuesta
  • Animals die and decay on rocks, forming organic rocks.
  • Animals burrow through rocks and break it down as they dig.
  • Animals burrowing through the ground create holes and areas where the soil can be exposed to more weathering.
  • A and B
  • B and C

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
True or False- The surface area of a rock is important
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
Carbonic acid is when [blank_start]water[blank_end] reacts with carbon dioxide in the air.
Respuesta
  • water
  • oxygen
  • nitrogen
  • acid

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
What is chemical weathering?
Respuesta
  • Water, air, and other substances react with minerals in the rock to change the rock.
  • Chemical weathering changes the chemical composition of minerals.
  • A process that beaks down rocks into smaller pieces called sediments. These sediments are not the same chemically.
  • All of the above

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
True or False- Rocks weather at different rates.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
True or False- Weathering is slow in cold, dry places.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
What process hollows out limestone caves?
Respuesta
  • Mechanical weathering
  • Chemical weathering
  • Spatial Weathering
  • Cave weathering

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
What is weathering?
Respuesta
  • A shift in weather patterns
  • A process that breaks rocks down into smaller pieces
  • The process by which mountains are formed
  • A process where the seasons change

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
How might a weathered mountain appear different from an unweathered mountain?
Respuesta
  • The weathered mountain will appear rounder
  • The weathered mountain will appear taller
  • The weathered mountain would contain fewer trees
  • The weathered mountain would appear more jagged

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
How does mechanical weathering differ from chemical weathering?
Respuesta
  • Chemical weathering is a faster process than mechanical weathering.
  • Chemical weathering occurs in wet climates; Mechanical weathering occurs in dry climates.
  • Chemical weathering is more effective than mechanical weathering.
  • Chemical weathering changes the chemical composition of the rock; Mechanical weathering does not.

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
What might cause weathering?
Respuesta
  • volcanic eruptions
  • acid rain
  • violent earthquakes
  • growing plants and expanding ice

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
What impact does weathering have on soil formation?
Respuesta
  • Chemical weathering adds helpful chemicals to the soil.
  • Rocks are broken down into sediment which helps make up soil.
  • Ice wedging in mechanical weathering helps add water to the soil when the ice melts.
  • Volcanic eruptions contribute metamorphic rocks to the soil.

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
What type of rocks are formed by weathering? Check all that apply.
Respuesta
  • Igneous rocks
  • Sedimentary rocks
  • Metamorphic rocks
  • Slate

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
How long does the weathering process take?
Respuesta
  • There is not enough information to determine this
  • It varies
  • Years and years
  • 5-7 months

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Carbonic acid is a mixture of..
Respuesta
  • water and oxygen
  • water and carbon dioxide
  • chemical pollutants and oxygen
  • carbon dioxide and acids

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
[blank_start]Heat[blank_end] speeds up chemical reactions
Respuesta
  • Heat
  • Water
  • Cold climate

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Oxidation is: When [blank_start]oxygen[blank_end] combines with other elements or molecules, it causes [blank_start]chemical[blank_end] weathering to occur in a rock. When oxygen combines with iron, it forms [blank_start]iron[blank_end]-oxide. This is also know as [blank_start]rust[blank_end]!
Respuesta
  • oxygen
  • chemical
  • iron
  • rust

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
True or False- Similar rocks can weather at different rates.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
True or False- The climate, or average weather in a region or area, doesn't affect the rate of weathering.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
The rate of weathering depends on [blank_start]water[blank_end] and tempreture
Respuesta
  • water

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
Weathering often occurs [blank_start]fastest[blank_end] in regions near the equator
Respuesta
  • fastest
  • slowest

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
True or False-The type of rock affects the rate of weathering
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Which of the following is true? Choose the best answer.
Respuesta
  • The most easily weathered mineral determines the rate at which the entire rock weathers.
  • The mineral that is the most difficult to weather determines the rate at which the entire rock weathers.
  • The weathering rate is not affected by the minerals in the rock.

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
True or False- Low hardness- harder to weather
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
The size and the [blank_start]number of holes[blank_end] in the rock affects the rate at which the rock weathers.
Respuesta
  • number of holes
  • shape
  • amount of dirt

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
Fill in the blank. ____________ in the air can react with rain to make it more acidic.
Respuesta
  • Nitrogen
  • Pollutants
  • Oxygen
  • Water vapor

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
How does chemical weathering change rock?
Respuesta
  • It breaks down rock into sediments.
  • It physically breaks rocks down.
  • It changes rocks through water, carbonic acid, acid rain, and oxidation.
  • Both A and C
  • None of the above

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
Water is known as the universal [blank_start]solvent[blank_end] since so many substances dissolve in water.
Respuesta
  • solvent

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
Carbon dioxide reacts with water in the air. It then sinks into the [blank_start]soil[blank_end] to create carbonic acid.
Respuesta
  • soil
  • grass
  • concrete

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
When pollutants enter the air and react with rain, acid rain is produced. What are some examples of pollutants? Check all that apply.
Respuesta
  • Oxygen
  • Volcanoes
  • Factory smoke
  • Sulfur oxides
  • Nitrogen

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
When oxidation occurs, the inside of the rock oxidizes the most and turns red because of it.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
Is sand formed through mechanical or chemical weathering?
Respuesta
  • Mechanical
  • Chemical
  • Both
  • Neither

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
Is oxidation a chemical or mechanical process?
Respuesta
  • Chemical
  • Mechanical

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
How is the pH of a solution measured? (on a scale)
Respuesta
  • On a scale of 1-14
  • On a scale of 1-7
  • On a scale of 0-14
  • On a scale of 0-7

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
Which mineral dissolves most substances in chemical weathering?
Respuesta
  • acid
  • water
  • air

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
What is another way to measure pH? Check all that apply.
Respuesta
  • Weather it is Acidic
  • Weather it is Basic
  • Whether it is Nuetral
  • pH is only measured on a scale

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
What is the pH of a neutral substance?
Respuesta
  • 5
  • 0
  • 1
  • 14
  • 7
  • 8

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
What is the pH of normal rain?
Respuesta
  • 5
  • 6
  • 4
  • none of the above
  • 7

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
True or False- The pH of acid rain is 4.5.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
True or False- Normal rain causes more chemical weathering than acid rain does.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
Repeated freezing and [blank_start]thawing[blank_end] breaks rocks apart.
Respuesta
  • thawing

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
Which of the following causes abrasion? Check all that apply.
Respuesta
  • Glaciers
  • Wind
  • Waves
  • A strong current in a stream.

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
Choose the best, most accurate definition for soil.
Respuesta
  • The mixture of weathered rock, rock fragments, decayed organic material, water, and air.
  • The dirt on the ground.
  • The territory of a particular nation.
  • The brown, dirty ground on which we stand upon that farmers plant crops upon so they can grow.
  • Sand, silt, and clay.

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
True or False- Half or the volume of soil is solid materials.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
What is the organic matter in soil? Choose all that apply.
Respuesta
  • The remains of animals
  • The remains of plants
  • Humus
  • Litter
  • Sand
  • Silt
  • Clay

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
What is Humus?
Respuesta
  • The dark organic material that forms in soil when plant and animal matter decay.
  • Leaves twigs and and other material that drops to the soil and piles up.
  • Organic matter that is very nutritious and fertile that supports plant growth.
  • A and B
  • A and C
  • B and C

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
True or False- Soil texture is the size of the particles.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
The [blank_start]inorganic[blank_end] matter in soil is material that has never been alive. Examples are boulders, gravel, sand, silt, and clay.
Respuesta
  • inorganic
  • organic

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
What are pores? Choose the best answer.
Respuesta
  • Small openings in the skin
  • Holes and spaces in leaves and litter.
  • Holes in sand, silt, and clay where water and air can pass through

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
What is litter? Check all that apply.
Respuesta
  • Leaves and twigs that fall on soil.
  • Trash that people throw on the ground.
  • Organic, nutritious material.
  • Decomposed and decayed plant material.

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
Clay has [blank_start]small[blank_end] pores. Sand has [blank_start]big[blank_end] pores.
Respuesta
  • small
  • big
  • medium-sized
  • big
  • small
  • medium-sized

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
Soil fertility is the ability for soil to support [blank_start]plant growth[blank_end]. (2 words)
Respuesta
  • plant growth

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
True or False- The more organic material (litter and humus) there is in soil, the more fertile it is.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
True or False- Inorganic material is often not very fertile.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
Parent material is also known as [blank_start]bedrock[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • bedrock

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
What factors affect the rate at which soil forms? Check all that apply.
Respuesta
  • Topography
  • Time
  • Biota
  • Climate
  • Parent material
  • Color
  • Texture

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
True or False- Soil horizons are layers of the soil formed from the movement of products weathering.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
The [blank_start]B[blank_end] horizon contains clay particles. The [blank_start]C[blank_end] horizon is the weathered layer of rock or sediments. The [blank_start]A[blank_end] horizon contains organic matter.
Respuesta
  • B
  • A
  • C
  • C
  • B
  • A
  • A
  • B
  • C

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
The [blank_start]C[blank_end] horizon formed first.
Respuesta
  • C
  • A
  • B

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
The [blank_start]A[blank_end] horizon formed second.
Respuesta
  • A
  • B
  • C

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
The [blank_start]B[blank_end] horizon formed last.
Respuesta
  • B
  • A
  • C

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
How do scientists classify soil types? Check all that apply.
Respuesta
  • Climate
  • Plants
  • Soil Composition
  • Location
  • Color

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
What is loam? Choose the best, most accurate answer.
Respuesta
  • Gardening soil
  • A mixture of sand, silt, and clay
  • Decomposed animal material
  • Decayed twigs, leaves, and other plant material

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
True or False- Biota is the organisms that live in a region that helps speed up soil formation.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
Is steep topography good for soil fertility?
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No
  • There is not enough information to determine this.

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
Climate is the general [blank_start]weather[blank_end] in an area.
Respuesta
  • weather

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
What are 2 ways that climate is measured?
Respuesta
  • Temperature and amount of precipitation.
  • Temperature and wind speed
  • Temperature and natural disasters

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
What element is humus especially rich in?
Respuesta
  • Oxygen
  • Carbon
  • Nitrogen

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
What effects do plants' roots have on rock?
Respuesta
  • They break it apart
  • They hold it together
  • They cause it to undergo chemical changes
  • They don't have any effect.

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
Which of the following best describes the process of weathering and erosion?
Respuesta
  • Rapid
  • Gradual
  • Insignificant
  • Instantaneous

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
Which plants are usually the first to live in soil?
Respuesta
  • Simple plants
  • Trees
  • Flowers

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
(Constructive or Destructive?) Weathering is a [blank_start]destructive[blank_end] process. Erosion is a [blank_start]destructive[blank_end] process. Deposition is a [blank_start]constructive[blank_end] process.
Respuesta
  • destructive
  • destructive
  • constructive

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
What is erosion?
Respuesta
  • The removal of weathered material from one location to another.
  • The breaking down of material such as rocks and rock fragments.
  • The laying down or settling of transported material.

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
What is deposition?
Respuesta
  • The laying down or settling of transported material.
  • The removal of weathered material from one location to another.
  • The breaking down of rocks and rock fragments

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
(3 points) A [blank_start]meander[blank_end] is a C-shaped curve in a stream. A [blank_start]loess[blank_end] is a crumbly, windblown deposit of silt and clay. A [blank_start]delta[blank_end] is a large deposit of sediment where a stream enters a large body of water.
Respuesta
  • meander
  • loess
  • delta

Pregunta 92

Pregunta
(3 points) A [blank_start]V-shaped valley[blank_end] can be caused by the rushing water of a young stream. A [blank_start]dune[blank_end] is a pile of windblown sand. A [blank_start]longshore[blank_end] current flows parallel to the shoreline and erodes beaches.
Respuesta
  • V-shaped valley
  • dune
  • longshore

Pregunta 93

Pregunta
(3 points) [blank_start]Groundwater[blank_end] can cause erosion and create caves. A [blank_start]sea arch[blank_end] is formed when waves erode less-resistant rocks along the shoreline. A young stream flows rapidly downhill in mountainous areas.
Respuesta
  • Groundwater
  • sea arch

Pregunta 94

Pregunta
(2 points) An [blank_start]old[blank_end] stream moves slowly when it reaches flat land. A [blank_start]mature[blank_end] stream is a result of water reaching gentler slopes.
Respuesta
  • old
  • mature

Pregunta 95

Pregunta
[blank_start]Infiltration[blank_end] describes how quickly water flows through soil.
Respuesta
  • Infiltration
  • Consistency
  • Fertility

Pregunta 96

Pregunta
True or False- Clay-rich soils allow more water to move through than sandy soils.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 97

Pregunta
What features do land forms that are created by erosion have? Check all that apply.
Respuesta
  • Jagged
  • Flat
  • Sea cliffs
  • Wide valleys

Pregunta 98

Pregunta
What are beds?
Respuesta
  • Sediment deposited in water that forms layers.
  • The floor of a sea or ocean.
  • Layers of soil on dry land.

Pregunta 99

Pregunta
Can deposition take place without erosion?
Respuesta
  • Yes
  • No
  • There is not enough information to determine this.

Pregunta 100

Pregunta
True or False- Weathering, erosion, and deposition form soil.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False
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