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Wks 3 and 4

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MEDI1000
Jessica Bulley
Test por Jessica Bulley, actualizado hace más de 1 año
Jessica Bulley
Creado por Jessica Bulley hace alrededor de 6 años
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Resumen del Recurso

Pregunta 1

Pregunta
Fungi differ from animals by having a cell wall
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 2

Pregunta
Mycoses is the incorrect term for diseases caused by fungi
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 3

Pregunta
Select the Four correct statements about Fungi
Respuesta
  • Eucaryote
  • Prokaryote
  • Unicellular/multicellular
  • Reproduction -yeast by sexual (blastospores)
  • Reproduction -yeast by budding (blastospores)
  • Moulds - asexual or/and sexual spores
  • Moulds - by budding

Pregunta 4

Pregunta
Fungi are Prokaryotes
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 5

Pregunta
Select the Three perfect growth conditions of Fungi
Respuesta
  • Acidic pH (4-6)
  • Tolerate high salt
  • Tolerate low salt
  • Aerobic
  • Anaerobic
  • Acidic pH (2-3)

Pregunta 6

Pregunta
There are over 100,00 species of Fungi only ....
Respuesta
  • 200 cause disease
  • 400 cause disease

Pregunta 7

Pregunta
A Saprophyte is a
Respuesta
  • a plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter.
  • a plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on live organic matter

Pregunta 8

Pregunta
A Dermatophyte is a pathogenic fungus that grows on skin, mucous membranes, hair, nails, feathers, and other body surfaces, causing ringworm and related diseases.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 9

Pregunta
[blank_start]Parasitic fungi[blank_end] are the second largest group, of whose members do a lot of serious damage. Rather than obtaining their food from dead animals or plants, they prefer a living host, often attacking and killing, it then living on as a [blank_start]saprophytic fungi[blank_end].
Respuesta
  • Parasitic fungi
  • saprophytic fungi

Pregunta 10

Pregunta
If an [blank_start]obligate parasite[blank_end] cannot obtain a host it will fail to reproduce. This is opposed to a [blank_start]facultative parasite[blank_end], which can act as a parasite but does not rely on its host to continue its life-cycle.
Respuesta
  • obligate parasite
  • facultative parasite

Pregunta 11

Pregunta
- A [blank_start]Dermatophyte[blank_end] is a pathogenic fungus that grows on skin, mucous membranes, hair, nails, feathers, and other body surfaces, causing ringworm and related diseases. - A [blank_start]Saprophyte[blank_end] is a a plant, fungus, or microorganism that lives on dead or decaying organic matter. - [blank_start]Parasitic fungi[blank_end] are the second largest group, of whose members do a lot of serious damage. Rather than obtaining their food from dead animals or plants, they prefer a living host, often attacking and killing, it then living on as a saprophytic fungi. - A [blank_start]facultative parasite[blank_end] is an organism that may resort to parasitic activity, but does not absolutely rely on any host for completion of its life cycle.
Respuesta
  • Dermatophyte
  • Saprophyte
  • Parasitic fungi
  • facultative parasite

Pregunta 12

Pregunta
1. [blank_start]Moulds[blank_end] - mycelial growth made of branching tubular filaments called hyphae 2. [blank_start]True Yeasts[blank_end] - unicellular 3. [blank_start]Yeast[blank_end]- like Fungi (yeast or short filament) 4. [blank_start]Dimorphic Fungi[blank_end] - yeast or mycelial depending on environment
Respuesta
  • Moulds
  • True Yeasts
  • Yeast
  • Dimorphic Fungi

Pregunta 13

Pregunta
Select the correct classification of Fungi
Image:
Mould (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Moulds
  • Yeast

Pregunta 14

Pregunta
Select the correct classification of Fungi
Image:
True Yeast (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • True Yeast
  • Mould

Pregunta 15

Pregunta
A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of only one cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of more than one cell.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 16

Pregunta
Select the correct classification of fungus
Image:
Yeast Like Fungi (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Yeast-like Fungi
  • True Fungi

Pregunta 17

Pregunta
[blank_start]Yeast-like[blank_end] fungi grow partly as yeast and partly as elongated cells resembling hyphae. The latter form a pseudomycelium.
Respuesta
  • Yeast-like
  • True

Pregunta 18

Pregunta
[blank_start]Dimorphic[blank_end] fungi are those fungi that exist either in yeast form or as mold (mycelial form) depending on environmental conditions, physiological conditions of the fungus or the genetic characteristics.
Respuesta
  • Dimorphic
  • Yeast-like

Pregunta 19

Pregunta
What is this classification of Fungi?
Image:
Dimorphic Fungi (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Dimorphic
  • True yeast

Pregunta 20

Pregunta
- [blank_start]Dimorphic[blank_end] fungi are those fungi that exist either in yeast form or as mold (mycelial form) depending on environmental conditions, physiological conditions of the fungus or the genetic characteristics. - [blank_start]Yeast like[blank_end] fungi grow partly as yeast and partly as elongated cells resembling hyphae. The latter form a pseudomycelium. - [blank_start]True Yeasts[blank_end] are fungi that grow as single cells, producing daughter cells either by budding (the budding yeasts) or by binary fission (the fission yeasts). They differ from most fungi, which grow as thread-like hyphae. - A [blank_start]Mould[blank_end] is a fungus that grows in the form of multicellular filaments called hyphae.
Respuesta
  • Dimorphic
  • Yeast like
  • True Yeasts
  • Mould

Pregunta 21

Pregunta
What is this?
Image:
Yeast Pic (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Yeast
  • Mould

Pregunta 22

Pregunta
What is this?
Image:
Mould P (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Mould
  • Yeast

Pregunta 23

Pregunta
Fungi Growth Requirements - select four
Respuesta
  • Aerobic
  • Anaerobic
  • Moist
  • Dry
  • Acidic pH (4 -6)
  • Acidic pH (2 -3 )
  • Temperature 25 - 30ºC
  • Temperature 35 - 40ºC

Pregunta 24

Pregunta
Sabouraud's agar is the perfect media to culture
Respuesta
  • Fungi
  • Bacteria

Pregunta 25

Pregunta
Sabouraud's agar has a
Respuesta
  • Acidic pH and high sugar concentration
  • Base pH and low sugar concentration

Pregunta 26

Pregunta
Fungal reproduction: [blank_start]Yeast[blank_end] - budding [blank_start]Moulds[blank_end] - asexual/sexual
Respuesta
  • Yeast
  • Moulds

Pregunta 27

Pregunta
- [blank_start]Binary fission[blank_end] is a simple reproduction method which involves mitosis followed by the splitting of a parent individual. - [blank_start]Budding[blank_end] is a is a when the parent individually produces a smaller individual known as a ‘bud’ by mitotic cell division. This individual is attached to its parent individual and eventually becomes detached from its parent individual.
Respuesta
  • Binary fission
  • Budding

Pregunta 28

Pregunta
Asexual spores of fungi: • [blank_start]Sporangiospores[blank_end] – Spores inside sac called sporangium • [blank_start]Chlamydospores[blank_end] – Spores within thickened cell wall of hyphae • [blank_start]Conidiospores[blank_end] (Conidia) – naked spores in chains at hyphal tip • [blank_start]Arthrospores[blank_end] – fragmentation of hyphae • [blank_start]Blastospores[blank_end] – Form as buds
Respuesta
  • Sporangiospores
  • Chlamydospores
  • Conidiospores
  • Arthrospores
  • Blastospores

Pregunta 29

Pregunta
Select the correct type of asexual spores of fungi:
Image:
Sporangiospore (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Sporangiospore - Spores inside sac called sporangium
  • Chlamydospores - Spores within thickened cell wall of hyphae

Pregunta 30

Pregunta
Select the correct type of asexual fungal reproduction
Image:
Conidia (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Conidiospores - naked spores in chains at hyphal tip
  • Arthrospores – fragmentation of hyphae

Pregunta 31

Pregunta
Select the correct asexual type of asexual reproduction
Image:
Arthrospore (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Arthrospore - fragmentation of hyphae
  • Conidiospores (Conidia) – naked spores in chains at hyphal tip

Pregunta 32

Pregunta
Stages of sexual spore formation • Mating types designated as “+” and “-” 1. Cells of + thallus and – thallus fuse [blank_start](Dikaryotic stage)[blank_end] 2. After several hours / years/ centuries nuclei fuse [blank_start](diploid stage)[blank_end] 3. [blank_start]Meiosis[blank_end] of nucleus restores haploid state 4. [blank_start]Haploid[blank_end] nucleus partitioned into + and - spores
Respuesta
  • (Dikaryotic stage)
  • (diploid stage)
  • Meiosis
  • Haploid

Pregunta 33

Pregunta
Select the Three classifications of Fungal Sexual Reproduction
Respuesta
  • Zygomycota (Zygospores, Zygosporangia)
  • Basidiomycota (Basidiospores)
  • Ascomycota (Ascospores)
  • Sporangiospores

Pregunta 34

Pregunta
Tinea is caused by
Respuesta
  • Dermatophytes
  • Saprophyte

Pregunta 35

Pregunta
Select Two different conditions caused by Dermatophycoses
Respuesta
  • TInea
  • RIngworm
  • Histoblasmosis

Pregunta 36

Pregunta
Tinea is caused by Dermatophytes such as Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and M. gypseum
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 37

Pregunta
[blank_start]Sporotrichosis[blank_end] is a [blank_start]sub-[blank_end]cutaneous disease caused by the infection of the fungus [blank_start]Sporothrix schenckii[blank_end]. It is usually introduced by thorn pricks or wood splinters
Respuesta
  • Sporotrichosis
  • Dermatophycoses
  • Sporothrix schenckii
  • Trichophyton rubrum
  • sub-
  • non-

Pregunta 38

Pregunta
Systemic mycoses are fungal infections affecting internal organs.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 39

Pregunta
Select the Four different types of Systemic mycoses
Respuesta
  • Histoplasmosis (H. capsulatum)
  • Paracoccidoidomycosis (Paracoccidioides brasiliensis)
  • Coccidiodomycosis (Coccidioides immitis)
  • Blastomycosis (B. dermatitidis)
  • Sporothrix schenckii

Pregunta 40

Pregunta
Systemic Mycoses generally start from lung infection to spread to other areas of body.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 41

Pregunta
Candidosis, crytococcosis and pneumosystis pneumonia are diseases caused by opportunistic fungi. True or false?
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 42

Pregunta
25% of worlds food is contaminated with mycotoxins, why don't they generally cause disease?
Respuesta
  • rarely at dangerous levels
  • insufficient growth and environmental factors

Pregunta 43

Pregunta
Select the Five General Properties of Viruses
Respuesta
  • Obligate intracellular parasite
  • Host specific
  • Size 10- 300 or 400 nm
  • Genetic material either DNA or RNA
  • Unable to grow on synthetic media
  • Extracellular parasite
  • Non-host specific
  • Able to grow on synthetic media

Pregunta 44

Pregunta
Differences of DNA and RNA: RNA - - RNA has a [blank_start]ribose[blank_end] sugar - RNA nucleotides have a [blank_start]uracil[blank_end] base DNA- - DNA has a [blank_start]deoxyribose[blank_end] sugar - DNA nucleotides have a [blank_start]thymine[blank_end] base
Respuesta
  • ribose
  • uracil
  • deoxyribose
  • thymine

Pregunta 45

Pregunta
The classification of viruses is used via the Baltimore Scheme (based on nucleic acid)
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 46

Pregunta
The Baltimore scheme has 6 different types of classifications
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 47

Pregunta
What is this classification type of virus
Image:
Retrotranscribing (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Class 6 - ss RNA positive sense with ds DNA intermediate before replication (retroviruses)
  • Class 1, double stranded DNA (ds DNA)

Pregunta 48

Pregunta
The Baltimore Classification System is a scheme for classifying viruses based on the type of genome and its replication strategy.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 49

Pregunta
Select the definition of a Class 1 virus
Respuesta
  • A double stranded DNA virus enters the host nucleus before it begins to replicate. It makes use of the host polymerases to replicate its genome, and is therefore highly dependent on the host cell cycle.
  • Most ssDNA viruses have circular genomes and replicate mostly within the nucleus by a rolling circle mechanism.

Pregunta 50

Pregunta
Select the correct definition of a Class 2 virus
Respuesta
  • are ssDNA which forma double stranded DNA intermediate during replication and this intermediate is used for transcription.
  • double stranded virus

Pregunta 51

Pregunta
Class 3 Virus is a double stranded RNA which replicates in the core capsid
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 52

Pregunta
Class 4 virus is a
Respuesta
  • +ssRNA Virus
  • -ssDNA VIrus

Pregunta 53

Pregunta
Class 5 virus is a
Respuesta
  • -ssRNA virus
  • double strand DNA virus

Pregunta 54

Pregunta
Class 6 virus is a
Respuesta
  • +ss RNA with ds DNA intermediate before replication (retroviruses)
  • double stranded DNA (ds DNA)

Pregunta 55

Pregunta
Class 7 virus is a
Respuesta
  • ds DNA with positive sense, part ss DNA, with ss RNA intermediate (reversiviruses)
  • single stranded DNA (ss DNA)

Pregunta 56

Pregunta
A - [blank_start]Spikes (projections)[blank_end] B - [blank_start]Envelope (membrane)[blank_end] C - [blank_start]Capsid (protein coat)[blank_end] D - [blank_start]Capsomeres (capsid subunits)[blank_end] E - [blank_start]Nucleic acid[blank_end]
Image:
Virion (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Spikes (projections)
  • Envelope (membrane)
  • Capsid (protein coat)
  • Capsomeres (capsid subunits)
  • Nucleic acid

Pregunta 57

Pregunta
Caption C - Capsomeres (capsid subunits)
Image:
Virion (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 58

Pregunta
D - Capsomeres (capsid subunits)
Image:
Virion (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 59

Pregunta
Most human viral infections are caused by viruses that have [blank_start]iscosahedral[blank_end] or helicalsymmetries.
Respuesta
  • iscosahedral
  • complex

Pregunta 60

Pregunta
Select the correct morphological type of virus
Image:
Filamentous (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Filamentous
  • Iscosahedral

Pregunta 61

Pregunta
What type of morphological virus is this?
Image:
Isocahedral (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • Isocahedral
  • Helical

Pregunta 62

Pregunta
Helical or Eolyhedral are enveloped
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 63

Pregunta
The Capsomere is a subunit of the capsid, an outer covering of protein that protects the genetic material of a virus. Capsomeres self-assemble to form the capsid.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 64

Pregunta
Class 1 - [blank_start]D[blank_end] Class 2 - [blank_start]A[blank_end] Class 3 - [blank_start]E[blank_end] Class 4 - [blank_start]F[blank_end] Class 5 - [blank_start]B[blank_end] Class 6 - [blank_start]C[blank_end] Class 7 - [blank_start]G[blank_end]
Image:
Baltimore Scheme (binary/octet-stream)
Respuesta
  • D
  • A
  • E
  • F
  • B
  • C
  • G

Pregunta 65

Pregunta
Viral replication process: 1. [blank_start]Attachment[blank_end] – To host cell via specific receptor on cell membrane 2. [blank_start]Penetration[blank_end] – Entry into host cell (internalization) – “Uncoats” – shedding protein shell 3. [blank_start]Replication of viral genome[blank_end] – This varies between viral types – production of viral mRNA – Production of early viral proteins 4. [blank_start]Production[blank_end] of late viral proteins (structural) 5. [blank_start]Assembly[blank_end] of the progeny virions 6. [blank_start]Release[blank_end] of virions from cell (budding or lysis)
Respuesta
  • Attachment
  • Penetration
  • Replication of viral genome
  • Production
  • Assembly
  • Release

Pregunta 66

Pregunta
Viruses cause disease by two mechanisms:
Respuesta
  • Replication within the host cell leading to direct damage of the cell
  • Host defenses leads to cell damage as it attempt to clear the virus infected cells
  • Replication within the host cell via lysis or budding

Pregunta 67

Pregunta
Replication within the host cell leading to direct damage of the cell does not cause disease via this mechanism
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 68

Pregunta
Host defenses leads to cell damage as it attempt to clear the virus infected cells is a disease causing mechanism
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 69

Pregunta
A teratogen is an agent that can disturb the development of the embryo or fetus.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 70

Pregunta
A [blank_start]teratogen[blank_end] is an agent that can disturb the development of the embryo or fetus.
Respuesta
  • teratogen
  • oncogenic

Pregunta 71

Pregunta
Select the Six types of Viral Infections
Respuesta
  • Teratogenic
  • Oncogenic
  • Chronic
  • Severe
  • Latent
  • Mild
  • Acute
  • Contageous

Pregunta 72

Pregunta
In latent infections, overt disease is not produced, but the virus is not eradicated.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 73

Pregunta
Select the correct statement about Arthropod-borne diseases
Respuesta
  • Humans contract arthropod-borne diseases when a pathogen, such as a bacteria or virus, is transmitted from its reservoir (natural host) to a human via the arthropod vector.
  • Arthropod-borne diseases are a type of persistent viral infection which is distinguished from a chronic viral infection.

Pregunta 74

Pregunta
Select the Six viral modes of transmission
Respuesta
  • Physical contact - direct or indirect
  • Intra-placental
  • Direct inoculation
  • Arthropod-borne
  • Food-borne
  • Air-borne
  • Abiogenesis

Pregunta 75

Pregunta
Select the Six different types of Viral control and eradication:
Respuesta
  • Heat
  • Vaccines
  • Anti-viral drugs
  • UV
  • Disinfectants
  • Ether
  • Anti-biotics
  • Vit. C

Pregunta 76

Pregunta
Select the Five methods of viral diagnosis
Respuesta
  • Nucleic acid detection (PCR)
  • Isolation of virus – cell cultures, animal culture
  • Serological tests (blood samples)
  • Fluorescent microscopy
  • Electron Microscopy
  • Light microscope
  • Dip stick

Pregunta 77

Pregunta
Insidious Infections: Something that is insidious is unpleasant or dangerous and develops gradually without being noticed.
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 78

Pregunta
Select Three correct statements regarding Prions
Respuesta
  • Contain no genetic material
  • Can arise spontaneously through mutation, but can also be transferred by consumption of infected nervous tissue
  • Proteins that can cause other proteins to fold incorrectly
  • Contain genetic materia
  • Uncontrolled multiplication of regular proteins

Pregunta 79

Pregunta
Prion is a shortened term for
Respuesta
  • Proteinaceous Infectious Particle
  • Proteineous Infected Particle
  • Protein Abnormality Particle

Pregunta 80

Pregunta
What are the names for Roundworms?
Respuesta
  • Nematodes
  • Cestodia

Pregunta 81

Pregunta
What is the correct name for flatworms?
Respuesta
  • Platyhelminths
  • Nematodes

Pregunta 82

Pregunta
The general term for worms are called [blank_start]Helminths[blank_end] Flatworms are called [blank_start]Platyhelminths[blank_end] Roundworms are called [blank_start]Nematodes[blank_end]
Respuesta
  • Helminths
  • Platyhelminths
  • Nematodes

Pregunta 83

Pregunta
Trichinella spiralis is found in which meat?
Respuesta
  • pork
  • lamb
  • chicken

Pregunta 84

Pregunta
What is the common name for 'Cestodia'?
Respuesta
  • Roundworms
  • Flatworms
  • Tapeworms

Pregunta 85

Pregunta
Tichinella spiralis, Ascaris lumbicoides, Trichuris trichiura, Hookworms are a type of what?
Respuesta
  • Nematodes (roundworms)
  • Platyhelminths (flat worms)

Pregunta 86

Pregunta
Trematodia (liver flukes, Fasciola hepatica) and Cestodia (tapeworm, Taenia sp) are a type of ...
Respuesta
  • Platyhelminths (flat worms)
  • Nematodes (round worms)

Pregunta 87

Pregunta
Platyhelminths are roundworms
Respuesta
  • True
  • False

Pregunta 88

Pregunta
Why are nematodes (roundworms) infections so common?
Respuesta
  • Contaminated hands and Trichinella spiralis most notorious in food (pork)
  • Contaminated hands and Trichinella spiralis most notorious in food (fish)

Pregunta 89

Pregunta
Select Four symptoms of Malaria
Respuesta
  • fever
  • nausea
  • headache
  • chills
  • swelling
  • salivating

Pregunta 90

Pregunta
Malaria causes symptoms such as fever, chills, nausea and headache, what is the reason for this?
Respuesta
  • Lysis (bursting) of RBC
  • Lymphatic system is damaged

Pregunta 91

Pregunta
What is the main route of infection for parasites?
Respuesta
  • faecal oral transmission via water, contaminated hands
  • IV

Pregunta 92

Pregunta
Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis are what type of helminth?
Respuesta
  • Nematodes
  • Platyhelminths

Pregunta 93

Pregunta
How do you detect Nematodes?
Respuesta
  • Detect eggs in faeces (diagnosis)
  • Blood sample (diagnosis)
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