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Wk 5 - Immunology

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MEDI1000 Immunology Wk 5
Jessica Bulley
Quiz by Jessica Bulley, updated more than 1 year ago
Jessica Bulley
Created by Jessica Bulley about 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Explain the term: Clinical infection
Answer
  • Infections with signs and symptoms
  • Infection with pathogen but no symptoms

Question 2

Question
Explain the term: Sub-clinical infection
Answer
  • Infection with pathogen but no symptoms
  • Infections with signs and symptoms

Question 3

Question
Explain the term: Iatrogenic infection
Answer
  • From a medical practitioner / intervention (hospital)
  • Confined to one area of body

Question 4

Question
How are respiratory infections transmitted? Select Two answers
Answer
  • • Droplets (cough-sneeze) • Saliva • Soil-dust • water aerosols
  • Respiratory-salivary route - Sneezing propels mucus droplets from the respiratory mucosa, transmitting flu or cold viruses to a new host.
  • Contact transmission - (direct & indirect physical contact)

Question 5

Question
Zoonoses is a term used for what kind of disease?
Answer
  • • Direct animal-to-human • Animal-vector-human • Human-vector-human
  • • Direct animal-to-human • Animal- faecal-oral-human • Human-respiratory route-human

Question 6

Question
Explain the term: Endemic
Answer
  • – Disease present in a community (region) all the time, usually only clinical in a few
  • – Wide spread disease within a community (region), affecting many people but only occasionally present

Question 7

Question
Explain the term: Epidemic
Answer
  • – Wide spread disease within a community (region), affecting many people but only occasionally present
  • – Disease present in a community (region) all the time, usually only clinical in a few

Question 8

Question
Explain the term: Pandemic
Answer
  • – Wide spread epidemic, not confined to a single community or region (more than one continent)
  • – Wide spread disease within a community (region), affecting many people but only occasionally present

Question 9

Question
Explain the term: Sporadic
Answer
  • Widely scattered disease, occurring singly, irregularly, infrequently
  • Wide spread epidemic, not confined to a single community or region (more than one continent)

Question 10

Question
What is “Epidemiology”?
Answer
  • deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of diseases and other factors relating to health.
  • deals with the incidence, distribution, and possible control of dermatological diseases and other factors relating to skin care.

Question 11

Question
Explain the difference between Morbidity and Mortality
Answer
  • • Morbidity – Number made ill by infective agent • Mortality – Number of deaths caused by infective agent
  • • Morbidity – Number of deaths caused by infective agent • Mortality – Number made ill by infective agent

Question 12

Question
Explain the difference between Incidence and Prevalence
Answer
  • • Incidence – Number of new cases over specific period • Prevalence – Number of cases (infected or diseased) at a given time (old and new cases)
  • • Incidence – Number of cases (infected or diseased) at a given time (old and new cases) • Prevalence – Number of new cases over specific period

Question 13

Question
What factors influence the spread of disease in a community? Select Three answers
Answer
  • • Virulence of the pathogen
  • • Population susceptibility
  • • Pathogen transmission mode
  • • Education and awareness campaigns to the general public

Question 14

Question
List four ways of preventing the spread of disease in a community.
Answer
  • • Immunization
  • • Health personnel and community workers
  • • Educate the public
  • • Proper treatment of water supplies
  • • Complete segregation by class

Question 15

Question
Which disease of the following disease type would most likely spread quickly through the Perth community and why?
Answer
  • Respiratory disease
  • Sexually transmitted disease
  • Gastroenteritis

Question 16

Question
What are the two branches of the immune system?
Answer
  • Innate and Adaptive
  • Direct and Indirect

Question 17

Question
How does skin protect against bacteria?
Answer
  • Intact external barrier, NF, secretions
  • Normal flora eradicates the majority of bacteria

Question 18

Question
What white blood cells (WBC) types are phagocytic? Select Four
Answer
  • Neutrophils
  • Basophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Monocytes
  • T cells

Question 19

Question
What type of white blood cell (WBC) is mainly involved in the adaptive immune system?
Answer
  • lymphocytes
  • eosinophils

Question 20

Question
What antibody types are involved in the primary immune response?
Answer
  • B Cells and antibody is IgM (Immunoglobulin M)
  • B Cells and antibody is IgG (Immunoglobulin G)

Question 21

Question
What antibody types are involved in the secondary immune response?
Answer
  • IgG (Immunoglobulin G)
  • IgM (Immunoglobulin M)

Question 22

Question
What type of lymphocyte is involved in cell mediated immunity?
Answer
  • Two populations of T cells involved: – Cytotoxic T cells (TC) – Natural Killer cells (NK cells)
  • Two populations of B cells involved: – Cytotoxic B cells (BC) – Natural Killer cells (NK cells)

Question 23

Question
List the ways antibodies fight infection
Answer
  • • Antigens stimulate the generation of antibodies • Antibodies have specific binding (variable region) regions to specific antigens
  • • Antigens stimulate the generation of lymphocytes • Antibodies have specific binding (variable region) regions to specific antigens

Question 24

Question
List the antibody isotypes
Answer
  • • IgG – Monomer, most abundant in serum – largest amount, long term immunity, can cross placenta
  • • IgA – Monomer in serum, dimer in saliva and secretions, most abundant total – saliva and mucosal surfaces, tear, nasal fluids, milk
  • • IgM – Pentamer, primary response – first Ab to appear during an infection
  • • IgE – Monomer, stem binds mast cells, basophils and eosinophils causing release if granules – anti-parasite, allergy
  • • IgD – Monomer, attached to B cells, antigen receptor for activation – largest Ab - Ag receptor on B cells
  • • IgR – Monomer, most abundant in serum – largest amount, long term immunity, can cross placenta

Question 25

Question
What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation and how do they come about?
Answer
  • pain
  • heat
  • swelling
  • redness,
  • initiation of Chemical Mediators such as Increased vaso-dilation and increased capillary permeability
  • fever
  • initiation of Chemical Mediators such as Increased vaso-constriction and decreased capillary permeability
  • nausea
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