16195930
Descripción
Test por Emilie Dandan, actualizado hace más de 1 año
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Creado por Emilie Dandan
hace más de 5 años
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Pregunta 1
Pregunta
There are about _______ genes that are involved in the development of the mammalian heart.
Respuesta
-
10
-
50
-
100
-
500
-
1000
Pregunta 2
Pregunta
All of the following are names of paired veins that drain into the primordial heart of a 4-week embryo except:
Respuesta
-
Pulmonary veins
-
Umbilical veins
-
Vitelline veins
-
Cardinal veins
Pregunta 3
Pregunta
The incidence of congenital heart defects is:
Respuesta
-
1/100 live births
-
1/200 live births
-
1/500 live births
Pregunta 4
Pregunta
The most common cause of an isolated congenital heart defect is:
Respuesta
-
Chromosome abnormality
-
Teratogen exposure
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Sporadic/Multifactorial etiology
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Maternal malnutrition
Pregunta 5
Pregunta
When a heart defect is seen on ultrasound there is an approximately _____% chance of a chromosome abnormality.
Respuesta
-
1%
-
10%
-
20%
-
50%
Pregunta 6
Pregunta
The _________________ is a structure that allows blood to be exchanged between the L and R atria during fetal life but after birth it functionally closes.
Respuesta
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Ductus arteriosus
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Septum secundum
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Foramen ovale
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Ductus venosus
Pregunta 7
Pregunta
Which of the following is NOT associated with Tetralogy of Fallot?
Respuesta
-
Pulmonary Stenosis
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Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
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Overriding Aorta
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Ventricular Septal Defect
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Endocardial cushion defect
Pregunta 8
Pregunta
The most common type of congenital heart defect is:
Respuesta
-
Atrial Septal Defect
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Ventricular Septal Defect
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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Coarctation of the Aorta
Pregunta 9
Pregunta
Patent ductus arteriosus is an acyanotic heart defect. When isolated it can cause clinical problems, however, when it occurs alongside/as part of the following defect it is a lifesaving anomaly.
Respuesta
-
Transposition of the Great Arteries
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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Ventricular Septal Defect
-
Tricuspid insufficiency
Pregunta 10
Pregunta
Which of the following cardiac anomalies can be congenital OR acquired?
Respuesta
-
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
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Ventricular Septal Defect
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Mitral valve prolapse
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Aortic valve stenosis
Pregunta 11
Pregunta
Which of the following cyanotic heart defects is the most common cause of cyanosis in neonates?
Respuesta
-
Truncus arteriosus
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Transposition of the Great Arteries
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Tricuspid Insufficiency
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
Pregunta 12
Pregunta
Select all of the paired veins that drain into the primordial heart of a 4 week embryo:
Respuesta
-
Cardinal Veins
-
Vitelline Veins
-
Umbilical Veins
-
Ductal Veins
Pregunta 13
Pregunta
Intersegmental arteries carry blood to the:
Respuesta
-
Primordial gut and eventually foregut, midgut and hindgut
-
Connecting stalk and become continuous with vessels in chorion
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Somites and their derivatives
Pregunta 14
Pregunta
All of the following statements are true regarding atrial septal defects (ASDs) except:
Respuesta
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They are more common in females than males.
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The most common type of ASD is patent foramen ovale.
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Endocardial cushion defects are often isolated and rarely associated with genetic conditions.
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The most common ASD is well tolerated through childhood and may not present with symptoms until the 30s (pulmonary hypertension).
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Sinus venosus defect and common atrium are rare types of ASDs.
Pregunta 15
Pregunta
All of the following statements are true regarding ventricular septal defects (VSDs) except:
Respuesta
-
They are more common in males than females.
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The most common type of VSD is membranous VSD.
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They account for about 25% of all congenital heart defects.
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A small percentage (<5%) will spontaneously close within the first year of life while the rest require surgical correction.
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Large VSDs with excessive pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary HTN can result in cardiac failure in infancy.
Pregunta 16
Pregunta
Which of the following congenital heart defects usually results in infant death within the first few weeks of life:
Respuesta
-
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
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Tetralogy of Fallot
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Patent Foramen Ovale
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Muscular VSD
Pregunta 17
Pregunta
Which of the following structures is NOT a fetal adaptation? (i.e. a structure that is necessary for fetal circulation/normal cardiac function but not for postnatal function)
Respuesta
-
Ductus venosus
-
Septum secundum
-
Ductus arteriosus
-
Foramen ovale
Pregunta 18
Pregunta
The cardiovascular system is the first major system to function in the embryo.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 19
Pregunta
Neural crest cells along with primordial heart cells work together to develop the fetal heart.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 20
Pregunta
The inferior vena cava (IVC) is composed of 3 main segments and all of them are vitelline in nature (i.e. arising from the same embryonic tissue).
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 21
Pregunta
There are many physiological differences between fetal and neonatal circulation.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 22
Pregunta
Cyanosis is an obvious sign of Tetralogy of Fallot, however it is not always present at birth.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 23
Pregunta
If you identify a cystic hygroma/large NT measurement on ultrasound, most of the time it will be due to an underlying chromosome abnormality.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 24
Pregunta
The three vessels of the umbilical cord originate from the same embryonic structure.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 25
Pregunta
By the end of the 4th week circulation is no longer ebb-and-flow like and is instead moving in unidirectional flow.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 26
Pregunta
Aortic valve stenosis is always a congenital anomaly and can be detected shortly after birth.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 27
Pregunta
Cyanosis is an obvious sign of Tetralogy of Fallot, however, it is not always present at birth.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 28
Pregunta
Several of the fetal blood vessels that are no longer required after birth remain as functional ligaments supporting their surrounding structures.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 29
Pregunta
A baby’s heart beats at a rate about twice as fast of an average adult.
Respuesta
- True
- False
Pregunta 30
Pregunta
The tubular heart undergoes a [blank_start]right[blank_end]-handed looping at approximately 23-28 days forming a D-loop that results in heart with apex pointing to the left.
Respuesta
-
right
Pregunta 31
Pregunta
The [blank_start]foramen ovale[blank_end] is one of the fetal adaptations; a structure resulting in the incomplete partition between the atria.
Respuesta
-
foramen ovale
Pregunta 32
Pregunta
[blank_start]Tetralogy of Fallot[blank_end] is an congenital heart defect associated with pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, overriding aorta, and ventricular septal defect.
Respuesta
-
Tetralogy of Fallot
Pregunta 33
Pregunta
The names of the AV valves (the valves separating the atria from their respective ventricles) are the [blank_start]mitral[blank_end] and the [blank_start]tricuspid[blank_end] valve.
Respuesta
-
mitral
-
tricuspid
Pregunta 34
Pregunta
Transposition of the great vessels is a common cause of cyanotic heart disease in neonates. What is an associated CHD that improves the outcome of infants with transposition of great vessels: [blank_start]patent foramen ovale[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
patent foramen ovale
Pregunta 35
Pregunta
The most common type of atrial septal defect is [blank_start]patent foramen ovale.[blank_end]
Respuesta
-
patent foramen ovale
Pregunta 36
Pregunta
The 1st morphologic sign of gastrulation is the [blank_start]primitive streak[blank_end], which makes it possible to identify the craniocaudal axis, dorsal and ventral surfaces, and right and left sides.
Respuesta
-
primitive streak
Pregunta 37
Pregunta
The ligamentum venosum is the fibrous remnant of the [blank_start]ductus venosus[blank_end] of fetal circulation (i.e. one of the fetal adaptations). Usually it is attached to the left branch of the portal vein within the liver and may be continuous with the round ligament of the liver.
Respuesta
-
ductus venosus
Pregunta 38
Pregunta
[blank_start]Cystic hygroma[blank_end] is a lymphatic defect that is associated with chromosomal aneuploidy and poor pregnancy outcomes.
Respuesta
-
Cystic hygroma
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